July Skies
Useful info for visitors from New Zealand, South Africa and South America.
Morning July 4; Jupiter and waning Moon close together. July 11; Venus close to bright star Regulus. July 14; thin crescent Moon close to Venus and Regulus. July 16, Moon near Mars and Saturn. July 21; bright star Anatres and waxing Moon close. July 27-28; Mercury close to Regulus. July 30-31, spectacular vieews ans Mars, Venus and Saturn make a thing triangle, with Mercury below. July 31; Moon near Jupiter again.
Looking up at the stars is still a rewarding pursuit, despite the increasing light pollution in our major cities. The southern sky is full of interesting objects, many of which go unseen in the northern hemisphere. All you need for a good nights viewing is yourself, a good idea of where south and east are, and your hands. Optional extras are a small pair of binoculars, a torch with red cellophane taped over the business end and a note book. A great many tips for backyard astronomy may be found here, although many of them are more relevant to the northern hemisphere. A general article on amateur astronomy from New Scientist is here (May require subscription otherwise see the TASS site.).This page is designed to give people a simple guide to the naked eye sky. In the descriptions of planet and star positions, distances in the sky are given as "fingers width" and "hand span". This is the width of your hand (with all the fingers together as in making a "stop" sign, not bunched as a fist) or finger when extended a full arms length from you.
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Clear crisp Winter nights are often the best for star gazing, with the broad sweep of the Milky Way arching across the sky. However, it gets very cold, so don't forget to rug up before doing any extended star watching. Dew formation can also mean some dampness, so a blanket or rug to sit on is a good idea, as well as a thermos of your favorite hot beverage. Winter sees our night skies dominated by the Southern Cross, sprawling Scorpio and Sagittarius, in which the heart of our galaxy hides, so it's well worth stepping out into the chill for an astronomical thrill.
While these pages are primarily intended for the use of people observing in Australia, non-Australian Southern Hemisphere observers will find most of the information here applies to them. The star information will be most helpful, when you correct your location for latitude (see the Stars section for appropriate location information). Most Moon phase, planet, comet and asteroid information will be very similar to what will be seen in New Zealand, South Africa and South America. Countries close to the equator (eg Indonesia) will have somewhat different southern and northern views, but the eastern and western views should be similar enough to get a good idea of what is going on.Occultations, eclipses and aurora are highly location dependent, and it would be best to get a local almanac for these events. If there is no local almanac available, email me and I might be able to help you. I do try and give general info for occultations and eclipses in the Oceania area of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Aurora Alert UPDATED 21/01/08: Sunspot cycle 24 has offically started. We are still in Solar Minimum, but expect things to begin to pick up aurora-wise towards the end of the year.Auroral images and descriptions from past geomagnetic storms are now at the auroral image web page.
While we are at solar minimum, it will still be possible to see the occasional aurora. Tasmania, King Island and Southern Victoria are the most likely places to see aurora. However, on August 24, 2005 there was a massive auroral storm seen as far as northern NSW. Naturally, the best views of any aurora will be away from the city and bright lights. Aurora occur when charged particles from the solar wind enter Earths outer atmosphere and interact with the oxygen and nitrogen atoms producing eerie displays of coloured lights. During solar maximum, which occurs every 11 years, the number and speed of the particles are higher, allowing them to penetrate the Earth's magnetic field at lower latitudes than normal. Observers in Tasmania are likely to see green glows or sheets of light in the southern sky. Observers in Southern Victoria are more likely to see a red glow in the southern sky, although more spectacular displays are possible.
The Astronomical Society of Tasmania has a webpage devoted to this phenomenon. The Australian IPS radio and space services covers Aurora and related phenomena in very great detail (too much if you don't know much about them) but has a nice education page. Flinders Uni also has real time magnetometer readings, however, this will probably not mean much to most people.
Aurora will generally follow solar flares by about 2 days, and a number of instruments are watching the sun for these outbursts. The solar mimiumin should occur in 2006, and sunspot numbers, and hence flare rates are dropping considerably, sometimes months will go by without an alert, then you have three in a week. The space weather site at http://www.spaceweather.com gives notice of when solar winds likely to cause aurora will arrive. Alternatively, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject and I will send you an email alert of any likely auroral event (or other interesting sky phenomena). However, even a strong solar flare is no guarantee that you will be able to see aurora, but it does increase the probability.
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Email alerts I try to update this page fairly regularly outside of the monthly postings. However sometimes things happen which I can't get in fast enough, or you forget to mark your calendar. If you would like to be alerted to or reminded of interesting astronomical or sky phenomena, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject. This is the old aurora alert list, but with auroras rare as we climb out solar minimum (except for the occasional humdinger, like the August 2005 auroral event), it is doing double duty. Astroblog will have images when possible of these events soon after.
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Coming events1 January 2010; weak Partial Lunar Eclipse (WA only)
30 January 2010; Opposition of Mars
30 January 2010; Blue Moon
12 February 2010, Crescent Moon close to Mercury
18 February 2010, Asteroid Vesta at opposition
15 March 2010, Crescent Moon close to Jupiter
22 March 2010, Saturn at opposition
30 March 2010; Blue Moon
17 April 2010, Moon occults Pleiades
15-20 April 2010, Mars near Beehive cluster
6 May 2010 Eta Aquarid meter shower.
16 May 2010, Thin crescent Moon and Venus close together.
7 June 2010, Mars close to bright star Regulus.
11 June 2010, Moon occults Pleiades
15 June 2010, Venus close to thin crescent Moon.
20 June 2010, Venus near Beehive cluster.
26 June 2010, Partial Lunar Eclipse.
10 July 2010, Venus and Regulus close.
13 July 2010, Mercury in Beehive cluster with crescent Moon nearby.
28 July 2010, Mercury and Regulus close.
31 July 2010, Mars, Saturn and Venus close.
8 August 2010, Mars, Saturn and Venus close.
12 August 2010, Crescent Moon and Mercury close together.
13 August 2010, Crescent Moon, Venus, Mars and Saturn all close together.
19 August 2010, Venus and Mars close.
1 September 2010, Venus close to Spica, Mars nearby
5 September 2010, Mars close to Spica, Venus nearby.
11 September 2010, Mars, Venus, Spica and the crescent Moon close.
21 September 2010, Opposition of Jupiter.
7 October 2010, Mars and venus close.
10 October 2010, Venus, Mars and crescent Moon form nice triangle.
22 October 2010, Orionid meteor shower.
30 October 2010, Blue Last Quarter Moon.
5 November 2010, Crescent Moon close to Spica and Venus.
7 November 2010, Crescent Moon close to Mercury.
18 November 2010, Leonid meteor shower.
21 November 2010, Mars and Mercury close.
3 December 2010, Venus, Spica and crescent Moon close with Saturn nearby.
7 December 2010, Mercury and crescent Moon close.
14 December 2010, Mars and Mercury close.
14 December 2010, Geminid Meteor shower.
29 December 2010, Saturn, Moon and Spica close.
Out in SpaceCassini has imaged the Moon Dione in front of Titan.
The NASA Mars rover OPPORTUNITY is getting closer to Endeavour crater.
Mars Express images Magellan Crater.
The Mars Reconaissance Orbiter data suggests Mars was globally wet once.
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The Moon:
Current Phase of the Moon.
This is a JavaScript applet kindly supplied by Darren Osbourne. It shows the Moon as Southern Hemisphere viewers see it, and is upside down from the Northern Hemisphere perspective.
Last quarter on the 5th
New Moon is on the 12th
First quarter on the 18th
Full moon on the 26th
On the Morning of July 4 Jupiter and waning Moon are close together. On the morning of July 11 Venus is lose to the star Regulus. On July 14 the thin crescent Moon is close to Venus and forms a nice triangle with Venus and Regulus. On July 16 the Moon is near Mars and Saturn. On July 21 the bright star Anatres and the waxing Moon are close. One July 28 the Moon is close to Jupiter again.
An interactive calendar of the Moon's phases.
A view of the phase of the Moon for any date from 1800 A.D. to 2199, US based, so that the Moon is upside down with respect to us. The image above is from this source.
The phases of the Moon have been linked in the popular imagination to activities as diverse as madness and menstruation. However, careful study has shown that there are no such links. This web page outlines how the Moon is unconnected with a wide range of human activities.
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Planets:Finding planets, even with the directions below, can sometimes be difficult if you are unfamiliar with the sky. However, the Moon is very obvious, and can be a guide to location planets. Not only that, the combination of the Moon and bright planet(s) is often very beautiful. Thus the guide below gives the dates when the planets and the Moon are close together.
The morning sky facing east in Melbourne on July 4 at 3:00 am AEST showing the waning Moon and Jupiter. (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 3:00 am ACST Adelaide.
The evening sky facing north-west in Melbourne on July 14 at 7:00 pm AEST showing Venus and the crescent Moon, with Regulus, Mars and Saturn close by. (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 7:00 pm ACST Adelaide.Mercury returns to the evening sky in the latter half of this month. On the 11th, when Venus is closest to Regulus, Mercury is a handspan above the north-west horizon an half and hour after sunset. On 13th July Mercury is a over a handspan above the north-western horizon, a handspan below the thin crescent Moon, an half and hour aftert Sunset. At this time Mercury is close to the Beehive cluster, but it will be almost impossible to see the faint Beehive against the twilight. On the 15th, Mercury is nearly one and a half handspans above the north-western horizon half an hour after Sunset. Whit the cresent Moon close to Mars and Saturn, this will be a very nice view. On the 27th and 28th Mercury will two handspans above the horizon, an hour after sunset, and only half a fingerwith from bright Regulus. The close massing of Venus, Mars and Saturn above will make this view very lovely. Venus is seen blazing in the early evening sky during July. On July 1 Venus is four handspans above the north-western horizon an hour after sunset, just below the bright star Regulus in the constellation of Leo. During the month Venus rises and passes through Leo, and between the 9th and the 11th Venus is a fingerwidth from the bright star Regulus, alpha Leonis. On July 14 Venus, the thin crescent Moon and Regulus are close. On July 15 Venus, Mars and the thin cresent Moon form a triangle about two handspans across. Venus is just under five handspans above the north-western horizon an hour after Sunset at this time. On July 31 Venus is over five handpans above the north-western horizon an hour after sunset. By then Venus forms a nice triangular line-up with Mars and Saturn, and Mercury is not far below.
Mars is still fading rapidly. Mars will not be more than a smallish disk in small to medium telescopes, it is still worth a look. Telescopic viewing is now difficult as Mars is never far from the murk of the horizon.
On the evening of July 1 the distinctive red Mars can be seen six handspans above the north-westen horizon an hour and a half after sunset. Mars is in the constellation of Leo, two hanspans from bright star Regulus, and almost exactly half-way between Regulus and Saturn. This month Mars, Saturn The Moon and Venus have some very nice encounters and Mars comes closer to Saturn. On the 15th, Mars is still six handspans above the northern horizon an hour and a half after sunset. On this date the crescent Moon, Venus and Mars form a large triangle. On the 16th Mars, the Moon and Saturn make a nice triangle. On the 30th, Mars and Saturn are just a fingerwidth apart, with Venus forming a triangle with them, and Mercury below. On the 31st Mars is just under six handspans above the northern-western horizon an hour and a half after sunset.
Jupiter is prominent in the morning sky this month. On July 1, Jupiter is nine handspans above the north-easten horizon an hour and a half before sunrise. On July 4, people can see the Moon not far from Jupiter. On the 15th Jupiter is nine handspans above the northern horizon an hour and a half before sunrise. On July 31 Jupiter is eight handspans above the north-western horizon an hour and a half before sunrise. Jupiter is also a handspan above the Moon.
Jupiter is within a binocular field of Uranus, during the the month Jupiter draws away from Uranus.
This table was created using The Planets 2.02 a free program available from http://www.cpac.org.uk Times are AEST, subtract 30 minutes for ACST and 2 hours for AWST. Add 1 hour for Daylight saving time. GRS = Great Red Spot. S = Shadow Transit, T = Transit Thu 1 Jul 4:34 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Thu 1 Jul 6:14 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 2 Jul 6:22 Cal: Disappears into Eclipse Fri 2 Jul 2:24 Gan: Transit Ends Fri 2 Jul 2:05 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 3 Jul 6:07 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Sun 4 Jul 3:43 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 4 Jul 3:15 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Sun 4 Jul 5:30 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Sun 4 Jul 4:38 Io : Transit Begins ST Sun 4 Jul 6:52 Io : Transit Ends Mon 5 Jul 7:37 Gan: Disappears into Eclipse Mon 5 Jul 0:35 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Mon 5 Jul 4:13 Io : Reappears from Occultation Mon 5 Jul 23:59 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 6 Jul 7:28 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 6 Jul 5:22 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 6 Jul 1:20 Io : Transit Ends Wed 7 Jul 1:13 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 8 Jul 1:36 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Thu 8 Jul 7:06 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Thu 8 Jul 7:00 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 9 Jul 23:35 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Fri 9 Jul 23:31 Eur: Transit Begins ST Fri 9 Jul 0:57 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends Fri 9 Jul 3:21 Gan: Transit Begins T Fri 9 Jul 6:16 Gan: Transit Ends Fri 9 Jul 2:51 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 10 Jul 2:15 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 11 Jul 4:30 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 11 Jul 5:09 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Sun 11 Jul 7:24 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Sun 11 Jul 6:30 Io : Transit Begins ST Mon 12 Jul 0:21 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 12 Jul 2:29 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Mon 12 Jul 6:04 Io : Reappears from Occultation Mon 12 Jul 23:37 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 13 Jul 6:08 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 13 Jul 1:53 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 13 Jul 0:58 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 13 Jul 3:12 Io : Transit Ends Wed 14 Jul 1:59 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 14 Jul 0:32 Io : Reappears from Occultation Thu 15 Jul 4:12 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Fri 16 Jul 23:22 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Fri 16 Jul 1:42 Gan: Shadow Transit Begins S Fri 16 Jul 4:57 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends Fri 16 Jul 7:11 Gan: Transit Begins T Fri 16 Jul 3:37 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 16 Jul 23:29 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 17 Jul 2:11 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sat 17 Jul 2:01 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sat 17 Jul 4:44 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 18 Jul 5:16 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 18 Jul 7:03 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 19 Jul 0:40 Cal: Disappears into Eclipse Mon 19 Jul 3:08 Cal: Reappears from Eclipse Mon 19 Jul 23:51 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Mon 19 Jul 1:07 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 19 Jul 4:23 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 20 Jul 6:54 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 20 Jul 22:52 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 20 Jul 1:31 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 20 Jul 3:47 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 20 Jul 2:49 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 20 Jul 5:02 Io : Transit Ends Wed 21 Jul 2:45 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 21 Jul 2:22 Io : Reappears from Occultation Wed 21 Jul 23:30 Io : Transit Ends Thu 22 Jul 6:48 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Fri 23 Jul 5:44 Gan: Shadow Transit Begins S Fri 23 Jul 4:23 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 24 Jul 1:58 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Sat 24 Jul 4:46 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sat 24 Jul 4:29 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sat 24 Jul 7:11 Eur: Transit Ends Sat 24 Jul 0:15 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 25 Jul 6:01 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 26 Jul 1:19 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Mon 26 Jul 22:52 Gan: Reappears from Eclipse Mon 26 Jul 1:53 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 26 Jul 6:17 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 27 Jul 0:41 Gan: Disappears into Occultation Tue 27 Jul 3:31 Gan: Reappears from Occultation S Tue 27 Jul 3:25 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 27 Jul 5:41 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 27 Jul 4:38 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 27 Jul 6:52 Io : Transit Ends Wed 28 Jul 3:31 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 28 Jul 23:22 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 28 Jul 0:46 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Wed 28 Jul 4:11 Io : Reappears from Occultation Wed 28 Jul 23:05 Io : Transit Begins ST Thu 29 Jul 22:38 Io : Reappears from Occultation Thu 29 Jul 0:09 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Thu 29 Jul 1:19 Io : Transit Ends Fri 30 Jul 5:09 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 31 Jul 4:34 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Sat 31 Jul 7:22 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sat 31 Jul 6:54 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sat 31 Jul 1:00 GRS: Crosses Central MeridianSaturn is becoming lower in the evening sky. On July 1 Saturn is eight handspans above the north-western horizon an hour and a half after sunset. By July 15 Saturn is seven handspans above the north-western horizon, an hour and a half after sunset. On the 16th Mars, the Moon and Saturn make a nice triangle. On July 30th Saturn is a fingerwidth from Mars and forms a triangle with Venus. On July 31st, Saturn is five handspans above the north-western horizon an hour and a half after sunset. Telescopic viewing is done best when Saturn is highest above the murk of the horizon (this is around 7-8 pm this month). If you have no telescope, or a smallish one, why not visit your local Planetarium or Astronomical association open night to see Saturn and Mars through their telescopes. Saturn and its rings will be easily visible in even small telescopes. Saturns rings are opening up again, after being edge on, so Saturn looks quite fantastic. Saturns moon Titan is also easily visible in small telescopes.
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Starshine 3
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Iridium Flares, the International Space Station and other satellitesSee this amazing site for images of the space station taken through a telescope.
Iridium flares add a bit of spectacle to the night sky. The Iridium satellite network was set up to give global phone coverage, so an Iridium satellite is almost always over head. Occasionally, one of the antenna of the satellites is aligned so that it reflects the sun towards an observer, giving a brilliant flare, often out-shining Venus. However, the visibility of Iridium flares is VERY dependent on observer position, so you need a prediction for your spot within about 30 km. Hence I'm referring you to a web site for predictions rather than doing it myself.
- Heavens above, an excellent site. You need to choose your location or manually enter a longitude and latitude (once done the site remembers this). Predicts Iridium Flare occurrence, and gives the visibility the space shuttle, the International space station and heaps of other satellites. I find this the most useful site.
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Another site, JPASS, doesn't do Iridium flares, but is very cool and does the International Space Station, and many other satellites. However, although the output is flashy, it's harder to use than heavens above.
- The JPASS site from NASA.
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Meteor showers:
Date Meteor Shower ZHR Illumination 28/07/2010 delta-Aquarids 20 0.75 28/07/2010 Piscis Australids 5 0.75 30/07/2010 Capricornids 4 0.7The figure ZHR is zenithal hourly rate. This is the number of meteors that a single observer would see per hour if the shower's "point of origin", or radiant, were at the zenith and the sky were dark enough for 6.5-magnitude stars to be visible to the naked eye. Illumination gives an idea of how dark the sky is, the lower the figure, the darker the sky.
The delta-Aquarids will appear from 12 July to 19th August peaking on July the 28th. At 10 pm, face east, and look 4 hand spans and two finger widths above the horizon. One finger width right is the 4th magnitude star delta d Aquarii. The radiant is just above this star, see the map for more detail. This meteor shower should be visible from 10.00pm until dawn, with better meteor rates after midnight. However, this year the full Moon's liht will signifcantly interfer with seeing any meteors. The other meteor showers are weak.
Outside of the showers, you can still see sporadic meteors. Rates seen from the Southern Hemisphere are around 11 random meteors being seen per hour during the late morning hours and 2-4 per hour during the evening. The evening rates will be reduced slightly during the times around the full Moon due to interference by the Moons light.
A good page describing meteor watching is at the Sky Publications site.
The Meteor Section of the Astronomical Society of Victoria has some good information on meteor watching too.
Learn how to take a meteor shower photograph.
A Cool Fact about meteor speeds
A good page on detecting meteors using home made radiotelescopes is here.
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Comets:There are currently no comets observable with the unaided eye. A list of current comet ephemerides is at the MPC.
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Occultations:No interesting naked-eye occultations this month.
Eclipse:No significant eclises this month. Find local sunset and twilight times for your city or location (courtesy of Heavens Above).
Use either the drop down box for the listed cities, or type in your latitude, longitude and city in the boxes below.
Type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Variable Stars:While most stars seem to shine with a constant brightness, there are some that undergo regular, dramatic change in brightness. The classic variables Mira and Algol are currently unobservable.
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Stars:
The southern evening sky at 10:00 pm AEST in Melbourne on July 1 (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 10:00 pm ACST Adelaide).
All descriptions here are based on the view from Melbourne at 10.00 pm AEST (Australian Eastern Standard Time) on 1 July and assumes a fairly level horizon. Starset occurs progressively earlier each day, so these descriptions are valid for 9.00 pm on the 15th and 8.00pm on the 30th. Readers fom other time zones should see roughly the same views at 10.00 pm local time. Corrections for cities other than Melbourne are given below.
How do I find east, west, north and south?
- Readers in Adelaide and Auckland should see roughly the same views at the local equivalent of 10.00 pm AEST.
- Readers in Hobart and Christchurch must decrease descriptions to the North by about five finger widths and increase those to the south by the same amount.
- Readers in Sydney, Fremantle, Perth, Santiago and Capetown should add 3 finger widths to the northern descriptions, and subtract 3 finger widths to the south.
- Readers in Brisbane, Alice Springs Rio deJanerio and Johannesburg must adjust North/South descriptions by two hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
- Readers in Darwin, Cairns, Brazilia, La Paz, Lusaka and Lima must adjust North/South descriptions by about 4-5 hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
This is an ideal time to hunt the fainter open clusters in Scorpio with binoculars. Looking East and straight up, the distinctive "hook" shape of Scorpio, the scorpion, now stretches across the zenith. going up about six handspans you will see six bright stars forming a T, with the tail of the "T" nearly parallel to the horizon and a curved "tail" of stars. The bright red giant star Antares (Alpha Scorpius, the middle star in the three stars forming the tail of the T) is quite prominent. The area around Scorpio is quite rewarding in binoculars, and there is a small but pretty globular cluster about one fingerwidth above and to the north of Antares (between Antares and the leading star of the tail of the T). It can be hard to see in city conditions. A high definition map of Scorpio is here.
Just below Scorpio and slightly to the right is the distinctive "teapot" shape of Sagittarius, the archer. The "teapots" spout is pointing straight up, and its lid points to the left. This constellation is now high enough in the sky for its panalopy of clusters and nebula to reach full prominence. M24, an open cluster about two fingerwidths to the right and slightly down from the "lid" of the teapot should be visible to the naked eye, just above this and slightly to the left by about a hand span is a number of open clusters and a patch of luminosity that marks the lagoon nebula. M22, a globular cluster, is close to the lid (between and about a fingerwidths left of the two stars that make the bottom of the lid), should be visible as a dim, fuzzy star on a dark night. Between these clusters and the "lid" itself runs the Great Sagittarius Starcloud. The centre of our galaxy lies in Sagittarius, and on a dark night, the traceries of the Milky Way and its dust clouds are particularly beautiful. A high definition map of Sagittarius can be found here.
To the right of the teapot by about two fingerwidths, is the a delicate arc of stars, Corona Australis, the Southern Crown. Just below Sagittarius is the battered triangle of Capricorn, the Goat, and off to the left by about 4 handspans is three bright stars that mark Aquilla, the Eagle, with the brightest, white Altair, being in the center.
To the left of the "T" of Scorpio by one handspan and slightly higher is a broad triangle of stars that marks Libra, the balance. Alpha librae (with the amazing name Zubenelgenubi) is the brightest star and apex of the triangle pointed at Spica, is almost midway between Spica and Antares. This star is a wide binary, and those with good eye sight and dark skies can usual see both components. Beta Librae (Zubeneschamali) is the next brightezst star in the triangle and closest to the horizon. Four fingerwidths to the left of Beta Librae is delta librae, this dim star (magnitude 4.9) is an eclipsing variable, where a dim star orbiting a brighter star eclipses the brighter star, causing a fall in precieved brigtness. Delta librae dims and brightens by one whole magnitude every 2.3 days, and is a good (if dim) naked eye variable. Libra also hosts the star HD 141569 (roughly a handspan below beta Librae, but at 7th magnitude invisible to the naked eye), which has a dust disk with dark lanes which may indicate planets.
To the left of Libra by around three handspans is bright white Spica, the brightest start in the constellation of Virgo. Spica marks the top right-hand corner of a rectangular group of stars that marks out the body of Virgo, the virgin.
Six handspans below Spica and three to the right is bright orange Arcturus, alpha star of the constellation of Bootes, the herdsman. Between Altair, Arcturus and Spica are a number of dim constellations, including Hercules. Hercules is almost mid way between Altair and Arcturus, and a reasonably prominent box shape marks the centre of the constellation.
Looking now to the right of Scorpio, about a handspan away from the curved tail is a small squarish constellation Ara, another handspan again brings you to the edge of the large, but dim, constellation of Pavo. Delta Pavonis, about another handspan away, is one of the handful of sun-like stars within 20 lightyears of Earth that might have terrestrial planets in its habitable zone.
Directly to the left of Virgo by four handspans is end of the long rambling constellation Hydra which starts below the western the horizon. Three handspans to the left is crater the cup with its distinct, but upside down, cup shape. Three handspans above and three to the left of Spica is the kite shape of Corvus the crow. About four handspans above Spica and about one to the right is M83, a galaxy which can easily be seen in small binoculars on a dark night.
Five handspans to left of and four down from Virgo, is Leo. The sickle of Leo is below the horizon and Regulus is just above the western horizon.
The battered rectangle of stars that forms Puppis, the poop deck of the former constellation Argo Navis, is just on the south-western horizon. Just above this is Vela, the sail of that same ship. When, Argo Navis was broken up into Puppis, Vela and Carina (the keel) in 1750, they forgot to assign alpha and beta stars to Vela, and it's brightest star is at magnitude 1.5 is Gamma Velorum. Gama Velorum is a double star which may be resolved in good binoculars. The Milky Way passes through Vela, and there are many open clusters which can be seen with binoculars or the naked eye. One of the best of these is NGC2547, a little below gamma Velorum. Vela is also home to the spectacular Gum nebula (which can only be seen in telescopic photographs), and the second pulsar to be observed optically. Kappa and delta Vvelorum, with iota and epsilon Carina, make the "false cross" (about 10 hand spans above the southern horizon). A high definition map of Vela is here.
To the left of Vela, is Carina (the keel). A high definition map of this region is here. Looking almost anywhere in the area stretching between Sagittarius and Vela/Carina will reveal an interesting cluster or star formation. However, the area two handspans below and slightly to the right of the Southern Cross, between it and the false cross, is particularly rich. Here you will find the "Southern Pleiades" surrounding the tail star (Theta Carina) of a prominent kite shaped group of stars in Carina. Smaller and less spectacular than their northern counterparts, they still look very nice in binoculars. Four fingerwidths to the left of the Southern Pleiades are two rich open clusters, and the barely visible star Eta Carina. Eta Carina's spectacular nebula is only dimly seen in binoculars. Five hand spans to the right of the Southern Cross is the False Cross, just below the False Cross is a good open cluster, just visible to the naked eye, and very nice in binoculars. One handspan to the left of the False Cross is another rich open cluster, again, very nice in binoculars. Canopus (alpha Carina) is a bright yellowish star two handspans from the south-western horizon.
Facing due South, one handspan to the right and twelve handspans up are Alpha and beta Centauri the so called "pointers", with Alpha being the yellow star which is closest to the horizon, and Beta the blue white star to the right. Alpha centauri is the closest star to our sun at around 4 light years. However, recent measurements with the Hippacaros satellite put the system 300 million kilometres further away than previously thought. Alpha centauri is actually a triple star, consisting of two sun-like stars and a red dwarf, Proxima centauri, which is the closest of the triple stars to earth. Slightly to the right again, and following a line through the "pointers" brings you to the Southern Cross, 15 handspans above the horizon at about the 12 o'clock position on a clock. A high definition map of Centaurus and Crux is here.
Just to the left of the Southern Cross is the coal sack. This dark area against the glow of the Milky Way represents a large dust cloud and is clearly visible in dark skies. The Jewel box in the Cross is a small open cluster just below Beta Crucis, the southernmost bright star in the Cross at the moment. It is quite beautiful, but requires strong binoculars or a small telescope to see properly.
Returning to Alpha Centauri, a handspan from this star to the right and a handspan up is a small star, a half hand span up (and about a handspan to the right) is a fuzzy star, this is omega Centauri (5139 on the map), a globular cluster of stars which is quite spectacular in good binoculars, and more spectacular than 47 Tucana (see below). Another handspan directly up is Centaurus A, a very radio bright galaxy (5128 on the map). You need a dark night and binoculars (at least 10 x 30) to see it, but it is one of the few galaxies you can see in the southern hemisphere (outside of the small and large Mangellanic clouds) without a telescope.
Five handspans straight up from south, and two to the left is the extended nebulosity of the Small Magellanic cloud, one of the dwarf satellite galaxies to the Milky Way. This feature is best viewed on a dark night, away from the city. In this nebulosity is what looks to be a fuzzy star, this is 47 Tucana, a spectacular globular cluster that is very nice through binoculars.
Up four hand spans from due south and two handspans to the right is the Large Magellanic cloud, the largest of the dwarf satellite galaxies. Binoculars will reveal a rather attractive nebula near it, the Tarantula nebula.
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Sky Maps
How to use the maps
Comparison of a section of a skymap showing the Southern Cross (Crux) and pointers, with the appearance of the night sky. The map and sky are for September 1 at 10.00 pm, facing south. Both show approximately 30 degrees (5 handspans) of sky just above the horizonThe maps look a little busy, as they cover all sky from horizon to zenith. The grid lines are navigational helpers; each horizontal or vertical line covers 30 degrees of arc (the gridlines in the illustration show 15 degrees of arc), which is roughly five handspans (where a handspan is the width of your hand, held flat light a "stop" sign at arms length). As you can see from the way the lines bunch up. The map is a little distorted, due to trying to project a spherical surface on a flat surface. The horizon is the lowest curved line on the map (for technical software reasons I can't block things out below the Horizon). Constellations are linked by lines and their names are in italics. Stars are shown as circles of varying size, the bigger the circle the brighter the star. The stars are named with their Bayer letter (eg a - alpha, the brightest star in a constellation, a Crucis is the brightest star in Crux). Variable stars are shown as hollow circles, double stars are marked with a line (eg a, b and g Crucis are all double stars, that look quite beautiful in a small telescope). Clusters and Nebula brighter than magnitude 6.0 are marked as broken circles (eg the Jewel box cluster next to b Crucis above which is best viewed in binoculars or a telescope) and squares respectively. To find Crux for example, locate Crux on the appropriate map (eg see the illustration above). Holding the Map, face either east or west (depending on the map), then use the grid lines to determine how far over and up you should look, then look for the Crux pattern in that part of the Sky.
GIF Maps
A view of the Eastern July sky at 10.00pm AEST on 1 July can be downloaded here (julsky_e.gif 30 Kb) and a view of the western July sky can be downloaded here (julsky_w.gif 30 Kb). These are more compact files but don't have a lot of resolution.If you wish to print the GIF maps directly from Netscape you must set the printer in landscape mode and you must set the margins to 0 cm (yes, that's right, 0 cm) or the maps will not print correctly.
PDF Maps
High Resolution PDF files can be obtained for the eastern (110 Kb) and the western (110 Kb) horizon maps.The Zenith Map (110 Kb) shows you the whole sky. You will need to face the one of the compass points, then hold the map with the appropriate compass point on the map at the bottom of the page.
You will need a PDF viewer such as Adobe Acrobat or GhostView to view and print them. They look slightly worse on-screen than the GIF files, especially as Acrobat 3.0-4.0 can only display them side on, but print much better and come with legends. However, Acrobat 4.05 and higher can display them in the proper orientation.
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[December Skies] [January Skies] [February Skies] [March Skies] [April Skies] [May Skies] [June Skies] Return to Menu
Cheers! And good star gazing!
Ian's Astrophotography Gallery
Some of the photographs/images I have taken in recent years of astronomical phenomena that may be of interest.
- Partial Lunar eclipse. Partial Lunar eclipse, July 5, 2001
- My Solar eclipse report. Pictures from the Dec 4, 2002 solar eclipse in South Australia
- Transit of Mercury pictures! 7 May 2003
- Images of the partial solar eclipse 24 Nov 2003
- Transit of Venus June 8 2004 report
- Images of Jupiter, taken, after an enormous struggle, with my webcam, April 2005
- Mosaics of the Moon, more fun with my webcam, April-May 2005
- Animation of Sunrise on the Moon November 2006
- Animation of A shadow Transit on Jupiter May 2007
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Links
Societies:Australian Resources:
- OnLine Astronomical Societies in Australia, from the Astronomical Society of New South Wales Inc.
- Astronomical Society of Australia
Australian Planetariums:
- A clickable star map for Victoria
- Monthly free Star maps. High quality, monthly maps for Southern and Northern Skies, has lists of interesting objects. Requires Adobe Acrobat to print.
- ASNSW Astro Almanac page for 2004
- ACT skywatch This site focuses on the ACT.
- Australiasky has moved, this nice site covers all of Australia, and has some nice features.
- Gordon Garradd's Astronomy Page
- Excellent Magellanic Cloud page with heaps of maps and info.
- Peter Enzerinks Astronomy page - Web based telescope/eyepiece calculator and other southern sky tidbits.
- Southern star gazer A bit heavy on graphics but pretty good.
- Buying a telescope in Australia, lots of helpful hints.
- Anglo-Australian Observatory
- MSSSO - Mt Stromlo and Siding Springs Observatory
- ATNF - Australian Telescope National Facility
- Parks Radio telescope facility
- RP - CSIRO Radio Physics (part of TIP Division)
- Spaceguard Australia the proposed search for Near Earth Objects including meteroids.
- Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
- Melbourne's Astronomy Central
- Star Class, Astronomy Education
- Information about Aboriginal astronomy.
- Australian weather forecasts
- Sky and Space, Australia's Astronomy magazine.
- Planetary Society, Australian Volunteers events diary.
- Canberra Planetarium and Observatory
- Launceston Planetarium
- Science Centre and Planetarium (Wollongong)
- Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium
- Perth Observatory and Planetarium
- Museum of Victoria Planetarium, Skynotes Index
- The Cosmos Centre in Charleville
International Resources:
- ABC Space for Kids, Games, information and more.
- Star Child NASA space information for kis 5-13.
- Interactive site on the Sun, good kids resources
- ABC Space for Kids, Games, information and more.
- Astronomy for Kids
- Astronomy for Kids (different site to the one above, and a bit simple, but lots of good images).
- Kids astronomy information from Astronomy Magazine
Stunning sites:
- SEDS, home of the Nine Planets Tour, and much much more
- The Planetary Society
- Center for Backyard Astrophysics
- Amateur Radio Telescopes
- International Occulation Timing Society
- Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy pages (very educational)
- SKY Online - Your Astronomy Source on the World Wide Web
- Astronomy Magazine
- Stellar distances
- Space Weather site (with Meteor counts)
- Near Earth Object home page (also follows comets, including LINEAR S4 and meteor showers)
Useful programs:
- A 3D map of satellites orbiting the Earth in real time! Simply amazing!
- The Anglo Australian Observatories 3D virtual tour through a 3D map of the Cosmos. Mind Blowing!
- Views of extrasolar planets seen from the Southern sky, stunning Java-driven map with heaps of (complex) info.
- Stellarium, free (but large) photorealistic sky charting software. What I use for the horizon views.
- Celestia, free 3D space travel software, see the Earth from Mars, see the Moon of EL62, see Saturn rise on Titan.
- Ian's Celestia resources. Save these files into the "Extras" directory
- Script to show Conjunctions of Earth from Mars.
- Definition File for asteroid 87 Sylvia and her two moons (see story here).
- Definition File for Pluto's two new Moons P1 and P2.
- Definition file for three Neptunian extrasolar planets of HD 69830.
- Asteroid 2004 VD17, which will not hit the Earth.
- Definition file for Comet 2006/P1 McNaught
- Definition file for for the Gliese 581 system that contains the most Earth-like world yet.
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Charts, Books and Software for Astronomy
If you would like to have charts available all the time, rather than relying on mine, for between $2-$20 you can pick up a planisphere from a newsagent or bookshop (or for a bit more you can get fancy ones from Australian Geographic, the ABC shop or the other Australian Geographic look alike shop, or the Wilderness Society, or even a binocular/ optical store). The planisphere won't give you position of the planets, so you will need to get the planet rise/set times. These can be found in most serious newspapers (the Age, the Australian, SMH etc. The Australian is probably the best bet for budding amateurs). The combination of planisphere and rise/set times is the best value for beginners though, if you are not too worried about identifying star clusters in your binoculars.Or, for $19.95 US, you can have the Touring the Universe through Binoculars Atlas http://www.philharrington.net/tuba.htm which can print observing charts, but has a few annoying quirks. These include having no horizon line, and the planets are shown in the wrong places.
I use a combination of a 1962 star chart, the Australian Astronomy 2010 almanac and SkyMap Pro 11.0 . I highly recommend the Australian Astronomy 2010 almanac. It is more helpful for planetary/comet/asteroidal observations and eclipses than for double stars, clusters galaxies etc, but is an excellent resource for Australian observers and anyone who would like to seriously follow the planets in Australia should have this almanac. It has easy to follow month-by-month summary information, as well as detailed charts, tables and whole sky maps. It is easily navigated. The Almanac is often in big bookstores or optical shops, or email info@quasarastronomy.com.au to purchase a copy directly for those outside major population centres. The Australian Astronomy almanac comes out in around November for the following year, and is now approx $28.
Sky and Space, the Australian equivalent of Sky and Telescope, is also very good, especially for breaking news. It is found in most big newsagents at $7.40 an issue. Disclaimer! I am now a contributing editor and write the planetary observation section for Sky and Space.
Sky and Telescope now also do an Australian version of their magazine.
For detailed chart drawing and timing of events, as well as satellite track predictions I feed the information from the almanac into the $150 AUD SkyMap Pro 11.0 , planetarium program. This is a very handy program which prints maps of every possible orientation and scale. The maps on this page are produced by SkyMap.
A shareware version of SkyMap that runs on windows 3.x, and win95 can be found here http://www.winsite.com/info/pc/win3/desktop/skymp21a.zip this is approximately 640 Kb zipped.
A shareware version of the win95 only version 5.0 is here http://www.download.net.au/cgi-bin/dl?13607
Other highly recommended Sky charting packages (win95/98/2000/XP sorry) are:
Cartes du Ciel at http://www.stargazing.net/astropc/ (FREE) a bit messy to install but very good.
Stellarium at http://stellarium.sourceforge.net/ (FREE) stunning photorealistic program, but requires grunty PC and OpenGL.
TheSkyVarious packages from $49 US to $249 US
Stary Night various versions from $49 us for the basic pack (10 day trial of the basic pack at http://www.siennasoft.com/english/downloads.shtml) up.
Earth Centered Universe $88 AUD (shareware version at http://www.nova-astro.com/)
On the other hand a standard Sky Atlas for serious observing (much handier than carting a computer with you) such as Norton's Star Atlas can range from $35 to $90.This is not meant to be a product endorsement of any kind (outside of the Australian Astronomy 2007 almanac. For any budding astronomers out there, it is fantastic value and no, I don't have any commercial interest in it, but I did win bronze in their website Olympics). I am now also a contributing editor for Sky and Space so naturally take my enthusiasm with the appropriate grains of salt (although I was enthusiastic before I was approached to write for it).
This page can be used freely for any non-commercial purpose but please attribute it correctly. However, see the disclaimer.
Email: reynella@mira.net
e-mail
Ian with any suggestions
Created: Wednesday, 1 April 1998, 11:22:13 PM
Last Updated: Monday, 10 May 2010, 11:30:13 PM
