June Skies
Southern Skywatch was 10 years old with the April issue!
So we are going to have a competition! Back in 1998 Ian Allen of the ABC's online science unit suggested that I put up a monthly skywatching page for Southern Hemisphereians, and in April of that year Southern Skywatch began (with the assistance and encouragement of Ian Allen and the ABC science on-line graphic department).
To celebrate 10 years of Southern Skywatch, I'm running a competition. Sketching the Sky
The competition is for kids and adults to send in their best sketches of the sky. What can you sketch? Anything, the motion of Mars through the Beehive cluster as seen with the unaided eye, the Milky Way, Orion, comet Boattini as seen through binoculars, Jupiter and Saturn as seen through a telescope, Jupiter's moons as seen through binoculars, the Moon under any condition. You are only limited by your imagination and your pencil or crayon set. For some hints on sketching see my article Sketching Stars http://astroblogger.blogspot.com/2008/04/sketching-stars.html
The competition opens 1 June, and1 July16 July (to give everyone a good crack at seeing something to sketch, including the Mars, Saturn, Moon and regulus lineup on July 6th and the Occulation on the 14th). Of course the sketch has to be an original effort by the entrant of an actual bit of sky, not a tracing of a photograph, or done by your Uncle Bob the Archibald prize winning artist, or a copy of a holocube given to you by aliens from Delta Pavonis IV . If you sketched comet McNaught back in 2007 and think that is great, send it in. Who is eligible? Any reader of Southern Skywatch (excluding Staff of ABC online science and Aliens from Delta Pavonis IV [with all those tentacles, it's just plain unfair for them to enter])
First Prize for the best overall sketch is a copy of the 7 x DVD set of Carla Sagan's Cosmos. This has been kindly donated by ABC science Online, the people who have inspired and supported me for all these years.
First Prize for the Best Kid's Sketch is a copy of the Australian Guide to Stargazing.
Runners up prizes will be Planispheres. I also have some other nifty prizes as well now, so there is something for everyone.
To enter, send a scan of your sketch to[inser email here]reynella@mira.net. If you don't have access to a scanner, email us for a snail mail address.
So get your pencils ready, and Sketch!
Useful info for visitors from New Zealand, Southern India and Asia, South Africa and South America.
June 8, Mars near the crescent Moon. June 9; Moon close to Saturn and Regulus. June 20, waning Moon near Jupiter. June 1-20 Comet Boattini visible in binoculars.
Looking up at the stars is still a rewarding pursuit, despite the increasing light pollution in our major cities. The southern sky is full of interesting objects, many of which go unseen in the northern hemisphere. All you need for a good nights viewing is yourself, a good idea of where south and east are, and your hands. Optional extras are a small pair of binoculars, a torch with red cellophane taped over the business end and a note book. A great many tips for backyard astronomy may be found here, although many of them are more relevant to the northern hemisphere. A general article on amateur astronomy from New Scientist is here (May require subscription otherwise see the TASS site.).This page is designed to give people a simple guide to the naked eye sky. In the descriptions of planet and star positions, distances in the sky are given as "fingers width" and "hand span". This is the width of your hand (with all the fingers together as in making a "stop" sign, not bunched as a fist) or finger when extended a full arms length from you.
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Clear crisp Winter nights are often the best for star gazing, with the broad sweep of the Milky Way arching across the sky. However, it gets very cold, so don't forget to rug up before doing any extended star watching. Dew formation can also mean some dampness, so a blanket or rug to sit on is a good idea, as well as a thermos of your favorite hot beverage. Winter sees our night skies dominated by the Southern Cross, sprawling Scorpio and Sagittarius, in which the heart of our galaxy hides, so it's well worth stepping out into the chill for an astronomical thrill
While these pages are primarily intended for the use of people observing in Australia, non-Australian Southern Hemisphere observers will find most of the information here applies to them. The star information will be most helpful, when you correct your location for latitude (see the Stars section for appropriate location information). Most Moon phase, planet, comet and asteroid information will be very similar to what will be seen in New Zealand, South Africa and South America. Countries close to the equator (eg Indonesia) will have somewhat different southern and northern views, but the eastern and western views should be similar enough to get a good idea of what is going on.Occultations, eclipses and aurora are highly location dependent, and it would be best to get a local almanac for these events. If there is no local almanac available, email me and I might be able to help you. I do try and give general info for occultations and eclipses in the Oceania area of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Aurora Alert UPDATED 21/01/08: Sunspot cycle 24 has offically started. We are still in Solar Minimum, but expect things to begin to pick up aurora-wise towards the end of the year.Auroral images and description from past geomagnetic storms are now at the auroral image web page.
While we are at solar minimum, it will still be possible to see the occasional aurora. Tasmania, King Island and Southern Victoria are the most likely places to see aurora. However, on August 24, 2005 there was a massive auroral storm seen as far as northern NSW. Naturally, the best views of any aurora will be away from the city and bright lights. Aurora occur when charged particles from the solar wind enter earths outer atmosphere and interact with the oxygen and nitrogen atoms producing eerie displays of coloured lights. During solar maximum, which occurs every 11 years, the number and speed of the particles are higher, allowing them to penetrate the Earth's magnetic field at lower latitudes than normal. Observers in Tasmania are likely to see green glows or sheets of light in the southern sky. Observers in Southern Victoria are more likely to see a red glow in the southern sky, although more spectacular displays are possible.
The Astronomical Society of Tasmania has a webpage devoted to this phenomenon. The Australian IPS radio and space services covers Aurora and related phenomena in very great detail (too much if you don't know much about them) but has a nice education page. Flinders Uni also has real time magnetometer readings, however, this will probably not mean much to most people.
Aurora will generally follow solar flares by about 2 days, and a number of instruments are watching the sun for these outbursts. The solar mimiumin should occur in 2006, and sunspot numbers, and hence flare rates are dropping considerably, sometimes months will go by without an alert, then you have three in a week. The space weather site at http://www.spaceweather.com gives notice of when solar winds likely to cause aurora will arrive. Alternatively, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject and I will send you an email alert of any likely auroral event (or other interesting sky phenomena). However, even a strong solar flare is no guarantee that you will be able to see aurora, but it does increase the probability.
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Email alerts I try to update this page fairly regularly outside of the monthly postings. However sometimes things happen which I can't get in fast enough, or you forget to mark your calendar. If you would like to be alerted to or reminded of interesting astronomical or sky phenomena, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject. This is the old aurora alert list, but with auroras rare as we climb out solar minimum (except for the occasional humdinger, like the August 2005 auroral event), it is doing double duty. Astroblog will have images when possible of these events soon after.
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Coming events25 January 2008; Occulatation of Regulus
31 January 2008; Venus and Jupiter close
1-2 February 2008, Venus and Jupiter very close
2 February 2008, Occultation of Antares
7 February 2008, Partial Solar Eclipse
24 February 2008, Opposition of Saturn
6 March 2008, Venus, Mercury and Moon very close
30 April 2008, Occultation of Neptune (Northern Australia)
1 May 2008, Saturn and Regulus close.
6 May 2008 Eta Aquarid meter shower
9 June 2008, Saturn and Moon close to Regulus.
1 July 2008, Mars and Regulus very close together, Saturn nearby.
6 July 2008, Good alignment of Mars, Regulus, Saturn and Moon.
9 July 2008, Opposition of Jupiter.
14 July, Occultation of Antares.
10-21 August 2008, Venus, Mercury and Saturn close together
17 August 2008, Partial Lunar Eclipse
1-18 September 2008, Mercury, Mars and Venus close together.
12 September 2008, Mars and Venus very close together.
4 October 2008, Occultation of Antares (WA).
1 December 2008, Very close meeting of Venus, Jupiter and the Moon.
29th December 2008, Occultation of Jupiter by Moon, Mercury nearby.
Out in SpaceCassini has made higly detailed maps of Dione.
The Phoenix Lander has arrived succesfuly on the northern polar regoions of Mars. Mars Reconaissance Orbiter has imaged the landing of the Phoenix spacecraft.
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The Moon:
Current Phase of the Moon.
This is a JavaScript applet kindly supplied by Darren Osbourne. It shows the Moon as Southern Hemisphere viewers see it, and is upside down from the Northern Hemisphere perspective.
New Moon is on the 5th
First quarter on the 12th
Full moon on the 20th
Last quarter on the 28th
On the Evening of the 7th the thin crescent Moon is close to Mercury. On the evening of the 10th the waxing Moon is close to Mars and forms a line with Mars, castor and Pollux. On the evening of the 12th and 13th the waxing Moon is close to Saturn and Regulus. On the evening of the 25th the waning Moon is close to Jupiter.
An interactive calendar of the Moon's phases.
A view of the phase of the Moon for any date from 1800 A.D. to 2199, US based, so that the Moon is upside down with respect to us. The image above is from this source.
The phases of the Moon have been linked in the popular imagination to activities as diverse as madness and menstruation. However, careful study has shown that there are no such links. This web page outlines how the Moon is unconnected with a wide range of human activities.
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Planets:Finding planets, even with the directions below, can sometimes be difficult if you are unfamiliar with the sky. However, the Moon is very obvious, and can be a guide to location planets. Not only that, the combination of the Moon and bright planet(s) is often very beautiful. Thus the guide below gives the dates when the planets and the Moon are close together.
The evening sky facing west in Melbourne on June 25 at 6:00 pm AEST (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 6:00 pm ACST Adelaide.
The Evening sky facing east in Melbourne on June 20 at 8 pm AEST (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 8:00 pm ACST Adelaide.Mercury is too close to the Sun to observe most of the month, but is in an interesting position late in the month. On the 25th Mercury is below Alderbaran, and two handspans above the eastern horizon half an hour before sunrise. By the 30th, Mercury is still two handspans above the horrizon, but draws away from Alderbaran. Venus is not observable in June.
Earth is at winter solstice (when night is longest) on the 21st.
Mars is growing dimmer, but still is quite recognisable. Mars is a disk in even small telescopes (like my 50 mm refractor), but seeing markings is very difficult. Mars starts in the constellation of Cancer, and heads towards Leo during this month. On the 1st Mars is 5 handspans above the north-western horizon an hour and a half after sunset. On the 8th Mars is close to the crescent Moon. Between the 21st and 30th Mars, Saturn and Regulus (the brightest star in Leo) form an attractive triangle. On June 30 Mars is just a fingerwidth from bright Regulus. By the end of the month Mars is 4 handspans above the north-western horizon an hour and a half after Sunset.
Jupiter is easily visible in the evening sky this month. Jupiter rises aroudn 8:00 pm, so you can start making telescopic observations well before midnight. Following Jupiter's moons in binoculars or telescopes should be very rewarding (2, 9, 15 and 27 June have a nice series of events). Those with decent telescopes can try and follow Jupiters 3rd Red Spot. On June 1, Jupiter is a handspan below the "handle" of the "teapot" in Sagittarius, and is 5 handspans above the eastern horizon at 10:00 pm local time. Jupiter is in retrograde motion from the 10th. By the 15th Jupiter is 6 handspans above the horizon at 10:00 pm local time. On June 20 Jupiter is just 2 fingerwiths from the waning Moon. By the 31st Jupiter is 8 handspans above the eastern horizon at 10:00 pm local time.
This table was created using The Planets 2.02 a free program available from http://www.cpac.org.uk Times are AEST, subtract 30 minutes for ACST and 2 hours for AWST. Add 1 hour for Daylight saving time. GRS = Great Red Spot. S = Shadow Transit, T = Transit Sun 1 Jun 6:18 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 1 Jun 7:24 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 2 Jun 0:44 Gan: Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 2 Jun 2:09 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 2 Jun 3:20 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins SS Mon 2 Jun 3:53 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends S Mon 2 Jun 4:09 Gan: Transit Begins ST Mon 2 Jun 4:40 Io : Disappears into Eclipse ST Mon 2 Jun 5:00 Eur: Transit Begins ST T Mon 2 Jun 6:02 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends TT Mon 2 Jun 7:23 Gan: Transit Ends T Mon 2 Jun 22:00 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 3 Jun 1:53 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 3 Jun 2:43 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 3 Jun 4:09 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 3 Jun 5:00 Io : Transit Ends Tue 3 Jun 21:54 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Tue 3 Jun 23:09 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Wed 4 Jun 2:13 Io : Reappears from Occultation Wed 4 Jun 2:19 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Wed 4 Jun 3:47 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 4 Jun 20:21 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Wed 4 Jun 21:10 Io : Transit Begins ST Wed 4 Jun 22:38 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Wed 4 Jun 23:26 Io : Transit Ends Wed 4 Jun 23:38 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 5 Jun 20:39 Io : Reappears from Occultation T Thu 5 Jun 20:52 Eur: Transit Ends Thu 5 Jun 21:07 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Fri 6 Jun 5:25 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 7 Jun 1:16 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 7 Jun 21:07 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 8 Jun 5:09 Cal: Disappears into Eclipse Sun 8 Jun 7:03 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 9 Jun 2:54 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 9 Jun 4:43 Gan: Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 9 Jun 5:53 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins SS Mon 9 Jun 6:34 Io : Disappears into Eclipse SS Mon 9 Jun 7:17 Eur: Transit Begins SS T Mon 9 Jun 7:34 Gan: Transit Begins SS TT Mon 9 Jun 22:45 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 10 Jun 3:47 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 10 Jun 4:29 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 10 Jun 6:03 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 10 Jun 6:46 Io : Transit Ends Wed 11 Jun 0:30 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Wed 11 Jun 1:02 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Wed 11 Jun 3:58 Io : Reappears from Occultation Wed 11 Jun 4:32 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 11 Jun 4:39 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Wed 11 Jun 22:16 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Wed 11 Jun 22:55 Io : Transit Begins ST Thu 12 Jun 0:23 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 12 Jun 0:32 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Thu 12 Jun 1:12 Io : Transit Ends Thu 12 Jun 19:31 Io : Disappears into Eclipse S Thu 12 Jun 20:14 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 12 Jun 20:25 Eur: Transit Begins ST Thu 12 Jun 21:53 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Thu 12 Jun 22:24 Io : Reappears from Occultation T Thu 12 Jun 23:09 Eur: Transit Ends Fri 13 Jun 0:31 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Fri 13 Jun 6:10 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 13 Jun 19:38 Io : Transit Ends Sat 14 Jun 2:01 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 14 Jun 21:52 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 16 Jun 3:39 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 16 Jun 21:08 Cal: Transit Ends Mon 16 Jun 23:30 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 17 Jun 5:41 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 17 Jun 6:14 Io : Transit Begins ST Tue 17 Jun 19:21 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 18 Jun 2:56 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Wed 18 Jun 3:07 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Wed 18 Jun 5:17 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 18 Jun 5:42 Io : Reappears from Occultation Wed 18 Jun 6:57 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Thu 19 Jun 0:10 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Thu 19 Jun 0:40 Io : Transit Begins ST Thu 19 Jun 1:08 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 19 Jun 2:26 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Thu 19 Jun 2:57 Io : Transit Ends Thu 19 Jun 20:59 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 19 Jun 21:24 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Thu 19 Jun 21:44 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Thu 19 Jun 22:40 Eur: Transit Begins ST Thu 19 Jun 22:44 Gan: Disappears into Eclipse ST Fri 20 Jun 0:08 Io : Reappears from Occultation ST Fri 20 Jun 0:27 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Fri 20 Jun 1:24 Eur: Transit Ends Fri 20 Jun 3:52 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Fri 20 Jun 6:55 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 20 Jun 19:06 Io : Transit Begins ST Fri 20 Jun 20:55 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Fri 20 Jun 21:23 Io : Transit Ends Sat 21 Jun 2:46 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 21 Jun 20:05 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Sat 21 Jun 22:37 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 23 Jun 4:24 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 24 Jun 0:15 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 24 Jun 7:36 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 24 Jun 20:06 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 24 Jun 23:09 Cal: Disappears into Eclipse Wed 25 Jun 4:50 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Wed 25 Jun 5:44 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Wed 25 Jun 6:02 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 25 Jun 6:04 Cal: Reappears from Occultation Wed 25 Jun 7:26 Io : Reappears from Occultation Thu 26 Jun 1:53 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 26 Jun 2:04 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Thu 26 Jun 2:25 Io : Transit Begins ST Thu 26 Jun 4:21 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Thu 26 Jun 4:41 Io : Transit Ends Thu 26 Jun 21:44 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 26 Jun 23:18 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Fri 27 Jun 0:18 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Fri 27 Jun 0:55 Eur: Transit Begins ST Fri 27 Jun 1:52 Io : Reappears from Occultation ST Fri 27 Jun 2:43 Gan: Disappears into Eclipse ST Fri 27 Jun 3:01 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Fri 27 Jun 3:39 Eur: Transit Ends Fri 27 Jun 7:11 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Fri 27 Jun 7:40 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 27 Jun 20:33 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Fri 27 Jun 20:51 Io : Transit Begins ST Fri 27 Jun 22:50 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Fri 27 Jun 23:07 Io : Transit Ends Sat 28 Jun 3:31 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 28 Jun 19:02 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Sat 28 Jun 20:18 Io : Reappears from Occultation Sat 28 Jun 22:21 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Sat 28 Jun 23:22 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 29 Jun 19:13 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 30 Jun 5:09 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 30 Jun 19:53 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends T Mon 30 Jun 20:48 Gan: Transit EndsSaturn is visible in the north-western evening sky. Saturn is now becoming a difficult telescopic object, due to its closeness to the horizon. Saturns rings are becoming more "edge on", and this makes Saturn a very interesting sight. On June 1st Saturn is 7 handspans above the northern horizon an hour and a half after Sunset. Saturn is also three fingerwidths to the right (east) of Regulus, the brightest star in Leo. Over the month Saturn will progressively move northwest. It will also draw away from Regulus. On June 9, the waxing Moon is close to Regulus and Saturn making an interesting triangle. This will be a nice sky lineup. Between the 21st and 30th Saturn, Mars and Regulus (the brightest star in Leo) form an attractive triangle. On June 30, Saturn is 5 handspans above the northwestern horizon an hour and a half after Sunset.
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Starshine 3
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Iridium Flares, the International Space Station and other satellitesSee this amazing site for images of the space station taken through a telescope.
Iridium flares add a bit of spectacle to the night sky. The Iridium satellite network was set up to give global phone coverage, so an Iridium satellite is almost always over head. Occasionally, one of the antenna of the satellites is aligned so that it reflects the sun towards an observer, giving a brilliant flare, often out-shining Venus. However, the visibility of Iridium flares is VERY dependent on observer position, so you need a prediction for your spot within about 30 km. Hence I'm referring you to a web site for predictions rather than doing it myself.
- Heavens above, an excellent site. You need to choose your location or manually enter a longitude and latitude (once done the site remembers this). Predicts Iridium Flare occurrence, and gives the visibility the space shuttle, the International space station and heaps of other satellites. I find this the most useful site.
See an Irridium Flare at your Location. Courtesy of Heavens above. Choose your location from the drop down box
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Another site, JPASS, doesn't do Iridium flares, but is very cool and does the International Space Station, and many other satellites. However, although the output is flashy, it's harder to use than heavens above.
- The JPASS site from NASA.
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Meteor showers:
Date Meteor Shower ZHR Illumination 10/06/2008 Ophiuchids 5 0.11 20/06/2008 Ophiuchids 5 0.95The figure ZHR is zenithal hourly rate. This is the number of meteors that a single observer would see per hour if the shower's "point of origin", or radiant, were at the zenith and the sky were dark enough for 6.5-magnitude stars to be visible to the naked eye. Illumination gives an idea of how dark the sky is, the lower the figure, the darker the sky.
The Ophiuchids are a weak meteor shower that are best seen between midnight to dawn. At midnight the radiant is four handspans to the right of bright red Antares in Scorpio.
Outside of the showers, you can still see sporadic meteors. Rates seen from the Southern Hemisphere are around 8 random meteors being seen per hour during the late morning hours and 3 per hour during the evening. The evening rates will be reduced during the times around the full Moon due to interference by the Moons light.
A good page describing meteor watching is at the Sky Publications site.
The Meteor Section of the Astronomical Society of Victoria has some good information on meteor watching too.
Learn how to take a meteor shower photograph.
A Cool Fact about meteor speeds
A good page on detecting meteors using home made radiotelescopes is here.
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Comets:
Otherwise, use this form to generate a "real time" map to find Bottini for your city or location (courtesy of Heavens Above).
Use the drop down box for the listed cities, most other areas in the region will have similar views.
A list of current comet ephemerides is at the MPC.
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Occultations:No interesting naked-eye occultations this month.
Eclipse:No eclipses visible from Australia this month.
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Stars:
The southern evening sky at 10:00 pm AEST in Melbourne on June 1 (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 10:00pm ACST Adelaide).
All descriptions here are based on the view from Melbourne at 10.00 pm AEDST (Australian Eastern Standard Time) on 1 June and assumes a fairly level horizon. Starset occurs progressively earlier each day, so these descriptions are valid for 9.00 pm on the 15th and 8.00pm on the 30th. Readers for Central and Western time zones should see roughly the same views at 10.00 pm ACST and 9.00 pm AWST. Corrections for cities other than Melbourne are given below.
How do I find east, west, north and south?
- Readers in Adelaide and Auckland should see roughly the same views at the local equivalent of 10.00 pm AEST.
- Readers in Hobart and Christchurch must decrease descriptions to the North by about five finger widths and increase those to the south by the same amount.
- Readers in Sydney, Fremantle, Perth, Santiago and Capetown should add 3 finger widths to the northern descriptions, and subtract 3 finger widths to the south.
- Readers in Brisbane, Alice Springs Rio deJanerio and Johannesburg must adjust North/South descriptions by two hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
- Readers in Darwin, Cairns, Brazilia, La Paz, Lusaka and Lima must adjust North/South descriptions by about 4-5 hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
During June, the Milky Way is still a spectacular sight as it arches across the sky, but it will progressively leave the zenith.
Scorpio is now sufficiently high in the sky (about twelve handspans) to be properly appreciated. It is a very distinctive constellation looking somewhat like the hook shown in the "use no hooks" cartoons on boxes. Facing due East, going up about six handspans you will see six bright stars forming a T, with the tail of the "T" nearly parallel to the horizon and a curved "tail" of stars. The bright red giant star Antares (Alpha Scorpius, the middle star in the three stars forming the tail of the T) is quite prominent. The area around Scorpio is quite rewarding in binoculars, and there is a small but pretty globular cluster about one fingerwidth above and to the north of Antares (between Antares and the leading star of the tail of the T). It can be hard to see in city conditions. A high definition map of Scorpio is here.
Just below Scorpio and to the right is the distinctive "teapot" shape of Sagitarius, the archer. This constellation is particularly good for binocular viewing, with numerous globular clusters, open clusters and bright nebula. M24, an open cluster about two fingerwidths from the "lid" of the teapot should be visible to the naked eye, and M22, a globular cluster close to the lid, should be visible as a dim, fury star. The center of our galaxy lies in Sagitarius, and on a dark night, the traceries of the Milky Way and its dust clouds are particularly beautiful. To the right of the teapot by about a handspan, is the a delicate arc of stars, Corona Australis, the Southern Crown.
To the left of the "T" of Scorpio by one handspan and slightly higher is a broad triangle of stars that marks Libra, the balance. To the left of Libra by around three handspans is bright white Spica, the brightest start in the contstellation of Virgo. Spica marks the top righthand corner of a rectangular group of stars that marks out the body of Virgo, the virgin.
Looking now to the right of Scorpio, about a handspan away from the curved tail is a small squarish constellation Ara, another handspan again brings you to the edge of the large, but dim, constellation of Pavo. Delta Pavonis, about another handspan away, is one of the handful of sunlike stars within 20 lightyears of Earth that might have terrestrial planets in its habitable zone.
Directly above Virgo by four handspans is end of the long rambling constellation Hydra which starts near the horizon. Three handspans to the left is crater the cup with its distinct, but upside down, cup shape. Three handspans above and three to the left of Spica is the kite shape of Corvus the crow. Hydra has a nice open cluster, M48, near its head (a distinctive box shaped group of stars about 10 handspans to the right and about 6 below Spica) that is quite attractive in binoculars, four handspans above Spica is a nice globular cluster, just visible to the naked eye, but best in binoculars. About four handspans above Spica and a little to the right is M83, a galaxy which can easily be seen in small binoculars on a dark night.
Five handspans to left of and four down from Virgo, is Leo, with the sickle of Leo, an upside down question mark with bright Regulus (alpha Leonis) at the end of the "handle", being quite clear.
Just above the south western horizon by two handspans is a battered rectangle of stars that forms Puppis, the poop deck of the former constellation Argo Navis. In the mid sky (about 7 handspans up) is Vela, the sail of that same ship. When, Argo Navis was broken up into Puppis, Vela and Carina (the keel) in 1750, they forgot to assign alpha and beta stars to Vela, and it's brightest star is at magnitude 1.5 is Gamma Velorum. Gama Velorum is a double star which may be resolved in good binoculars. The milky way passes through Vela, and there are many open clusters which can be seen with binoculars or the naked eye. One of the best of these is NGC2547, a little below gamma Velorum. Vela is also home to the spectacular Gum nebula (which can only be seen in telescopic photographs), and the second pulsar to be observed optically. Kappa and delta velorum, with iota and epsilon Carina, make the "false cross". A high definition map of Vela is here.
To the left of Vela, is Carina (the keel). A high definition map of this region is here. Looking almost anywhere in the area stretching between Canis major and the Southern Cross will reveal an interesting cluster or star formation. However, the area two handspans to the right of the Southern Cross, between it and the false cross, is particularly rich. Here you will find the "Southern Peliades" surrounding the tail star (Theta Carina) of a prominent kite shaped group of stars in Carina. Smaller and less spectacular than their northern counterparts, they still look very nice in binoculars. Four fingerwidths to the left of the Southern Peliades are two rich open clusters, and the barely visible star Eta Carina. Eta Carina's spectacular nebula is only dimly seen in binoculars. Five hand spans to the right of and three handspans below the Southern Cross is the False Cross, just below the False Cross is a good open cluster, just visible to the naked eye, and very nice in binoculars. One handspan to the left of the False Cross is another rich open cluster, again, very nice in binoculars. Canopus (alpha Carina) is a bright yellowish star three handspans from the south-westen horizon .
Facing due South, fourteen handspans up are Alpha and beta Centauri the so called "pointers", with Alpha being the yellow star which is closest to the horizon, and Beta the blue white star a little above and to the right. Alpha centauri is the closest star to our sun at around 4 light years. However, recent measurements with the Hippacaros satellite put the system 300 million kilometers further away than previously thought. Alpha centauri is actually a triple star, conssiting of two sunlike stars and a red dwarf, Proxima centauri, which is the closest of the triple stars to earth. Slightly to the right again, and following a line through the "pointers" brings you to the Southern Cross, 12 handspans above the horizon at about the 1 o'clock position on a clock. A high definition map of Centaurus and Crux is here.
Just below the Southern Cross is the coal sack. This dark area against the glow of the milky way represents a large dust cloud and is clearly visible in dark skies. The Jewel box in the Cross is a small open cluster just below Beta Crucis, the second brightest star in the Cross and the one closest to the pointers. It is quite beautiful, but requires strong binoculars or a small telescope to see properly.
Returning to Alpha Centauri, a handspan from this star to the right and a handspan up is a small star, a hand span up (and about a handspan to the right) is a fuzzy star, this is omega Centauri (5139 on the map), a globular cluster of stars which is quite spectacular in good binoculars, and more spectacular than 47 Tucana (see below). Another handspan directly up is Centaurus A, a very radio bright galaxy (5128 on the map). You need a dark night and binoculars (at least 10 x 30) to see it, but it is one of the few galaxies you can see in the southern hemisphere (outside of the small and large Mangellanic clouds) without a telescope.
Four handspans straight up and slightly to the left of south, is the extended nebulosity of the Small Magellanic cloud, one of the dwarf satellite galaxies to the Milky Way. This feature is best viewed on a dark night, away from the city. In this nebulosity is what looks to be a fuzzy star, this is 47 Tucana, a spectacular globular cluster that is very nice through binoculars.
Up five hand spans from due south and three handspans to the right is the Large Magellanic cloud, the largest of the dwarf satellite galaxies. Binoculars will reveal a rather attractive nebula near it, the Tarantula nebula.
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Sky Maps
How to use the maps
Comparison of a section of a skymap showing the Southern Cross (Crux) and pointers, with the appearance of the night sky. The map and sky are for August 1 at 10.00 pm, facing south. Both show approximately 30 degrees (5 handspans) of sky just above the horizonThe maps look a little busy, as they cover all sky from horizon to zenith. The grid lines are navigational helpers; each horizontal or vertical line covers 30 degrees of arc (the gridlines in the illustration show 15 degrees of arc), which is roughly five handspans (where a handspan is the width of your hand, held flat light a "stop" sign at arms length). As you can see from the way the lines bunch up. The map is a little distorted, due to trying to project a spherical surface on a flat surface. The horizon is the lowest curved line on the map (for technical software reasons I can't block things out below the Horizon). Constellations are linked by lines and their names are in italics. Stars are shown as circles of varying size, the bigger the circle the brighter the star. The stars are named with their Bayer letter (eg a - alpha, the brightest star in a constellation, a Crucis is the brightest star in Crux). Variable stars are shown as hollow circles, double stars are marked with a line (eg a, b and g Crucis are all double stars, that look quite beautiful in a small telescope). Clusters and Nebula brighter than magnitude 6.0 are marked as broken circles (eg the Jewel box cluster next to b Crucis above which is best viewed in binoculars or a telescope) and squares respectively. To find Crux for example, locate Crux on the appropriate map (eg see the illustration above). Holding the Map, face either east or west (depending on the map), then use the grid lines to determine how far over and up you should look, then look for the Crux pattern in that part of the Sky.
GIF Maps
A view of the Eastern June sky at 10.00pm AEST on 1 June can be downloaded here (junsky_e.gif 30 Kb) and a view of the western June sky can be downloaded here (junsky_w.gif 30 Kb). These are more compact files but don't have a lot of resolution.If you wish to print the GIF maps directly from Netscape/Firefox you must set the printer in landscape mode and you must set the margins to 0 cm (yes, that's right, 0 cm) or the maps will not print correctly.
PDF Maps
High Resolution PDF files can be obtained for the eastern (110 Kb) and the western (110 Kb) horizon maps.The Zenith Map (110 Kb) shows you the whole sky. You will need to face the one of the compass points, then hold the map with the appropriate compass point on the map at the bottom of the page.
You will need a PDF viewer such as Adobe Acrobat or GhostView to view and print them. They look slightly worse on-screen than the GIF files, especially as Acrobat 3.0-4.0 can only display them side on (Acrobat versions 4.05 and above are fine, and have good screen views), but print much better and come with legends.
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[December Skies] [January Skies] [February Skies] [March Skies] [April Skies] [May Skies]
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Cheers! And good star gazing!
Ian's Astrophotography Gallery
Some of the photographs/images I have taken in recent years of astronomical phenomena that may be of interest.
- Partial Lunar eclipse. Partial Lunar eclipse, July 5, 2001
- My Solar eclipse report. Pictures from the Dec 4, 2002 solar eclipse in South Australia
- Transit of Mercury pictures! 7 May 2003
- Images of the partial solar eclipse 24 Nov 2003
- Transit of Venus June 8 2004 report
- Images of Jupiter, taken, after an enormous struggle, with my webcam, April 2005
- Mosaics of the Moon, more fun with my webcam, April-May 2005
- Animation of Sunrise on the Moon November 2006
- Animation of A shadow Transit on Jupiter May 2007
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Links
Societies:Australian Resources:
- OnLine Astronomical Societies in Australia, from the Astronomical Society of New South Wales Inc.
- Astronomical Society of Australia
- Mornington Peninsula Astronomy Society
- Astronomy Guild of Australia
- Ice in Space
Australian Planetariums:
- A clickable star map for Victoria
- Monthly free Star maps. High quality, monthly maps for Southern and Northern Skies, has lists of interesting objects. Requires Adobe Acrobat to print.
- ASNSW Astro Almanac page for 2004
- ACT skywatch This site focuses on the ACT.
- Australiasky has moved, this nice site covers all of Australia, and has some nice features.
- Gordon Garradd's Astronomy Page
- Excellent Magellanic Cloud page with heaps of maps and info.
- Peter Enzerinks Astronomy page - Web based telescope/eyepiece calculator and other southern sky tidbits.
- Southern star gazer A bit heavy on graphics but pretty good.
- Buying a telescope in Australia, lots of helpful hints.
- Anglo-Australian Observatory
- MSSSO - Mt Stromlo and Siding Springs Observatory
- ATNF - Australian Telescope National Facility
- Parks Radio telescope facility
- RP - CSIRO Radio Physics (part of TIP Division)
- Spaceguard Australia the proposed search for Near Earth Objects including meteroids.
- Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
- Melbourne's Astronomy Central
- Star Class, Astronomy Education
- Information about Aboriginal astronomy.
- Australian weather forecasts
- Sky and Space, Australia's Astronomy magazine.
- Planetary Society, Australian Volunteers events diary.
- Australian Astronomy
Astronomy for Kids
- Canberra Planetarium and Observatory
- Launceston Planetarium
- Science Centre and Planetarium (Wollongong)
- Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium
- Perth Observatory and Planetarium
- Museum of Victoria Planetarium, Skynotes Index
- The Cosmos Centre in Charleville
International Resources:
- Star Class Kids Club (costs $30/year for materials)
- Thursdays Class Room NASA sponsored site, more planetary science really
- Interactive site on the Sun, good kids resources
- ABC Space for Kids, Games, information and more.
- Online Astronomical Education from AstronomyWA, suitable for secondary school teaching. Fantastic resources
Stunning sites:
- SEDS, home of the Nine Planets Tour, and much much more
- The Planetary Society
- Center for Backyard Astrophysics
- Amateur Radio Telescopes
- International Occulation Timing Society
- Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy pages (very educational)
- SKY Online - Your Astronomy Source on the World Wide Web
- Astronomy Magazine
- Stellar distances
- Space Weather site (with Meteor counts)
- Near Earth Object home page (also follows comets, including LINEAR S4 and meteor showers)
Useful programs:
- A 3D map of satellites orbiting the Earth in real time! Simply amazing!
- The Anglo Australian Observatories 3D virtual tour through a 3D map of the Cosmos. Mind Blowing!
- Views of extrasolar planets seen from the Southern sky, stunning Java-driven map with heaps of (complex) info.
- Stellarium, free (but large) photorealistic sky charting software. What I use for the horizon views.
- Celestia, free 3D space travel software, see the Earth from Mars, see the Moon of EL62, see Saturn rise on Titan.
- Ian's Celestia resources. Save these files into the "Extras" directory
- Script to show Conjunctions of Earth from Mars.
- Definition File for asteroid 87 Sylvia and her two moons (see story here).
- Definition File for Pluto's two new Moons P1 and P2.
- Definition file for three Neptunian extrasolar planets of HD 69830.
- Asteroid 2004 VD17, which will not hit the Earth.
- Definition file for Comet 2006/P1 McNaught
- Definition file for for the Gliese 581 system that contains the most Earth-like world yet.
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Charts, Books and Software for Astronomy
If you would like to have charts available all the time, rather than relying on mine, for between $2-$10 you can pick up a planisphere from a newsagent or bookshop (or for a bit more you can get fancy ones from Australian Geographic, the ABC shop or the other Australian Geographic look alike shop, or the Wilderness Society, or even a binocular/ optical store). The planisphere won't give you position of the planets, so you will need to get the planet rise/set times. These can be found in most serious newspapers (the Age, the Australian, SMH etc. The Australian is probably the best bet for budding amateurs). The combination of planisphere and rise/set times is the best value for beginners though, if you are not too worried about identifying star clusters in your binoculars.Or, for $19.95 US, you can have the Touring the Universe through Binoculars Atlas http://www.philharrington.net/tuba.htm which can print observing charts, but has a few annoying quirks. These include having no horizon line, and the planets are shown in the wrong places.
I use a combination of a 1962 star chart, the Australian Astronomy 2008 almanac and SkyMap Pro 11.0 . I highly recommend the Australian Astronomy 2008 almanac. It is more helpful for planetary/comet/asteroidal observations and eclipses than for double stars, clusters galaxies etc, but is an excellent resource for Australian observers and anyone who would like to seriously follow the planets in Australia should have this almanac. It has easy to follow month-by-month summary information, as well as detailed charts, tables and whole sky maps. It is easily navigated. The Almanac is often in big bookstores or optical shops, or email info@quasarastronomy.com.au to purchase a copy directly for those outside major population centres. The Australian Astronomy almanac comes out in around November for the following year, and is now approx $24.
Sky and Space, the Australian equivalent of Sky and Telescope, is also very good, especially for breaking news. It is found in most big newsagents at $7.40 an issue. Disclaimer! I am now a contributing editor and write the planetary observation section for Sky and Space.
Sky and Telescope now also do an Australian version of their magazine.
For detailed chart drawing and timing of events, as well as satellite track predictions I feed the information from the almanac into the $150 AUD SkyMap Pro 11.0 , planetarium program. This is a very handy program which prints maps of every possible orientation and scale. The maps on this page are produced by SkyMap.
A shareware version of SkyMap that runs on windows 3.x, and win95 can be found here http://www.winsite.com/info/pc/win3/desktop/skymp21a.zip this is approximately 640 Kb zipped.
A shareware version of the win95 only version 5.0 is here http://www.download.net.au/cgi-bin/dl?13607
Other highly recommended Sky charting packages (win95/98/2000/XP sorry) are:
Cartes du Ciel at http://www.stargazing.net/astropc/ (FREE) a bit messy to install but very good.
Stellarium at http://stellarium.sourceforge.net/ (FREE) stunning photorealistic program, but requires grunty PC and OpenGL.
TheSkyVarious packages from $49 US to $249 US
Stary Night various versions from $49 us for the basic pack (10 day trial of the basic pack at http://www.siennasoft.com/english/downloads.shtml) up.
Earth Centered Universe $88 AUD (shareware version at http://www.nova-astro.com/)
On the other hand a standard Sky Atlas for serious observing (much handier than carting a computer with you) such as Norton's Star Atlas can range from $35 to $90.This is not meant to be a product endorsement of any kind (outside of the Australian Astronomy 2008 almanac. For any budding astronomers out there, it is fantastic value and no, I don't have any commercial interest in it, but I did win bronze in their website Olympics). I am now also a contributing editor for Sky and Space so naturally take my enthusiasm with the appropriate grains of salt (although I was enthusiastic before I was approached to write for it).
This page can be used freely for any non-commercial purpose but please attribute it correctly. However, see the disclaimer.
Email: reynella@mira.net
e-mail
Ian with any suggestions
Created: Wednesday, 1 April 1998, 11:22:13 PM
Last Updated: Wednesday, 30 April 2008, 11:30:13 PM
