June Skies
Mars will not be as big as the full Moon in August
The "sketching the sky" competition winners have now been announced (at long last), along with their sketches at the competition website. Go and have a look at the fine sketches these folks produced.
Useful info for visitors from New Zealand, South Africa and South America.
International Year of Astronomy has started! Follow the link to Australia specific information and an events calendar (also links out to the main IYOA page).
June 3; waxing Moon near Spica. June 13, Jupiter near waning Moon. June 19-20, Mars and Venus near crescent Moon with Mercury below. June 21, thin crescent Moon near Mercury, and Mercury forms a second "eye" for Taurus. June 23 Mars and Venus closest. June 27-28; waxing Moon near Saturn.
Looking up at the stars is still a rewarding pursuit, despite the increasing light pollution in our major cities. The southern sky is full of interesting objects, many of which go unseen in the northern hemisphere. All you need for a good nights viewing is yourself, a good idea of where south and east are, and your hands. Optional extras are a small pair of binoculars, a torch with red cellophane taped over the business end and a note book. A great many tips for backyard astronomy may be found here, although many of them are more relevant to the northern hemisphere. A general article on amateur astronomy from New Scientist is here (May require subscription otherwise see the TASS site.).This page is designed to give people a simple guide to the naked eye sky. In the descriptions of planet and star positions, distances in the sky are given as "fingers width" and "hand span". This is the width of your hand (with all the fingers together as in making a "stop" sign, not bunched as a fist) or finger when extended a full arms length from you.
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Clear crisp Winter nights are often the best for star gazing, with the broad sweep of the Milky Way arching across the sky. However, it gets very cold, so don't forget to rug up before doing any extended star watching. Dew formation can also mean some dampness, so a blanket or rug to sit on is a good idea, as well as a thermos of your favorite hot beverage. Winter sees our night skies dominated by the Southern Cross, sprawling Scorpio and Sagittarius, in which the heart of our galaxy hides, so it's well worth stepping out into the chill for an astronomical thrill.
While these pages are primarily intended for the use of people observing in Australia, non-Australian Southern Hemisphere observers will find most of the information here applies to them. The star information will be most helpful, when you correct your location for latitude (see the Stars section for appropriate location information). Most Moon phase, planet, comet and asteroid information will be very similar to what will be seen in New Zealand, South Africa and South America. Countries close to the equator (eg Indonesia) will have somewhat different southern and northern views, but the eastern and western views should be similar enough to get a good idea of what is going on.Occultations, eclipses and aurora are highly location dependent, and it would be best to get a local almanac for these events. If there is no local almanac available, email me and I might be able to help you. I do try and give general info for occultations and eclipses in the Oceania area of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Aurora Alert UPDATED 21/01/08: Sunspot cycle 24 has offically started. We are still in Solar Minimum, but expect things to begin to pick up aurora-wise towards the end of the year.Auroral images and descriptions from past geomagnetic storms are now at the auroral image web page.
While we are at solar minimum, it will still be possible to see the occasional aurora. Tasmania, King Island and Southern Victoria are the most likely places to see aurora. However, on August 24, 2005 there was a massive auroral storm seen as far as northern NSW. Naturally, the best views of any aurora will be away from the city and bright lights. Aurora occur when charged particles from the solar wind enter earths outer atmosphere and interact with the oxygen and nitrogen atoms producing eerie displays of coloured lights. During solar maximum, which occurs every 11 years, the number and speed of the particles are higher, allowing them to penetrate the Earth's magnetic field at lower latitudes than normal. Observers in Tasmania are likely to see green glows or sheets of light in the southern sky. Observers in Southern Victoria are more likely to see a red glow in the southern sky, although more spectacular displays are possible.
The Astronomical Society of Tasmania has a webpage devoted to this phenomenon. The Australian IPS radio and space services covers Aurora and related phenomena in very great detail (too much if you don't know much about them) but has a nice education page. Flinders Uni also has real time magnetometer readings, however, this will probably not mean much to most people.
Aurora will generally follow solar flares by about 2 days, and a number of instruments are watching the sun for these outbursts. The solar mimiumin should occur in 2006, and sunspot numbers, and hence flare rates are dropping considerably, sometimes months will go by without an alert, then you have three in a week. The space weather site at http://www.spaceweather.com gives notice of when solar winds likely to cause aurora will arrive. Alternatively, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject and I will send you an email alert of any likely auroral event (or other interesting sky phenomena). However, even a strong solar flare is no guarantee that you will be able to see aurora, but it does increase the probability.
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Email alerts I try to update this page fairly regularly outside of the monthly postings. However sometimes things happen which I can't get in fast enough, or you forget to mark your calendar. If you would like to be alerted to or reminded of interesting astronomical or sky phenomena, send an email to reynella@mira.net with "subscribe aurora alert" as the subject. This is the old aurora alert list, but with auroras rare as we climb out solar minimum (except for the occasional humdinger, like the August 2005 auroral event), it is doing double duty. Astroblog will have images when possible of these events soon after.
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Coming events1 January 2009; Jupiter and Mercury close
26 January 2009; Partial Solar Eclipse
30 January 2009; Venus and Crescent Moon close
9-10 February 2009, weak Partial eclipse of the Moon
18 February 2009, Mars and Jupiter very close
23 February 2009, Crescent Moon, Mars, Mercury and Jupiter very close
25 February 2009, Mercury and Jupiter close
2 March 2009, Mars and Mercury very close
9 March 2009, Saturn at opposition
2-5 April 2009, 100 Hours of Astronomy
13 April 2009, Moon and Antares very close
23 April 2009, Crescent Moon, Mars and Venus very close
6 May 2009 Eta Aquarid meter shower.
21-22 May 2009, Mars, Venus and Crescent Moon form Triangle.
20 June 2009, Moon close to Mars and Venus.
23 June 2009, Mars and Venus close.
4 July 2009, Moon close to Antares.
13 July 2009, Venus forms second "eye" of constellation of Taurus.
19 July 2009, Good line up of Moon, Venus, Mars and Alderbaran.
9-11 July 2009, Mars and Venus close.
1 August 2009, Antares close to Moon.
15 August 2009, Jupiter at Opposition.
17 August 2009, Mercury and Saturn close.
18 August 2009, Crescent Moon and Venus close.
17 September 2009, Crescent Moon, Venus and Regulus close together.
21 September 2009, Venus and Regulus very close together.
9 October 2009, Mercury and Saturn very close, Venus nearby.
14 October 2009, Venus and Saturn very close.
21 October 2009, Orionid meteor shower.
30 October 2009, Mars at the edge of the Beehive cluster.
1-2 November 2009, Mars crosses Beehive cluster.
18 November 2009, Leonid meteor shower.
14 December 2009, Geminid Meteor shower.
1 January 2010, Partial eclipse of the moon (best in WA).
Out in SpaceCassini images the shadow of Tethys on Saturns rings Saturns rings.
The NASA Mars rovers are having different outcomes. SPIRIT is stuck in soft soil. OPPORTUNITY's best pictures of Victoria Crater are now available.
Has the Mars Reconaissance Orbiter has made pictures of channels in Antoniadi Crater
Venus Express unmaskes the atterns in the clouds of Venus.
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The Moon:
Current Phase of the Moon.
This is a JavaScript applet kindly supplied by Darren Osbourne. It shows the Moon as Southern Hemisphere viewers see it, and is upside down from the Northern Hemisphere perspective.
Full moon on the 8th
Last quarter on the 16th
New Moon is on the 23rd
First quarter on the 29th
On the evening of June 3 the Moon is close to the bright star Spica. On the evening of June 13 the waning Moon is close to Jupiter. On the mornings of June 19-20 the thin crescent Moon is close to Venus and Mars. On June 21 the very thin crescent Moon is near Mercury. On June 27-28 the waxing Moon is near Saturn.
An interactive calendar of the Moon's phases.
A view of the phase of the Moon for any date from 1800 A.D. to 2199, US based, so that the Moon is upside down with respect to us. The image above is from this source.
The phases of the Moon have been linked in the popular imagination to activities as diverse as madness and menstruation. However, careful study has shown that there are no such links. This web page outlines how the Moon is unconnected with a wide range of human activities.
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Planets:Finding planets, even with the directions below, can sometimes be difficult if you are unfamiliar with the sky. However, the Moon is very obvious, and can be a guide to location planets. Not only that, the combination of the Moon and bright planet(s) is often very beautiful. Thus the guide below gives the dates when the planets and the Moon are close together.
The evening sky facing east in Melbourne on June 13 at 11:00 pm AEST, showing the waning Moon and Jupiter close together (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 11:00 pm ACST Adelaide.
The morning sky facing east in Melbourne on June 20 at 6:00 am AEST showing the crescent Moon with Venus and Mars close together and Mercury forming a second "eye" for Taurus the Bull (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 6:00 am ACST Adelaide.Mercury is visible in the morning sky this month, adding to the beauty of Mars and Venus. On the 1st, Mercury is a handspan above the eastern hroizon an hour before Sunrise, and is the brightest object aside from Mars and Venus above the horizon. By the 15th Mercury is one and a half handspans above the eastern horizon, an hour before Sunrise, between the beautfiful pleaides and the V shaped Hyades clusters. On the 21st, the thin crescent Moon is near Mercury. Mercury is also in the Hyades, near Alderbaran, forming a second "eye" for Taurus the Bull. Mercury then heads towards the horizon and by the end of the month Mercury is just over a handspan from the eastern horizon half an hour before sunrise. Venus dominates the morning sky this month, aided by Mars and Mercury. On June 1 Venus is five handpspans from the eastern horizon an hour before sunrise, with dimmer Mars just under a handspan below it. Venus is now a distinct "half Moon" shape, easily seen in a small telescope. Venus starts in Piscies this month and ends in Taurus, coming very close to Mars in the process. On June 15 Venus is five handspans above the north-eastern horizon, an hour before sunrise. On June 19 and 20 Venus, Mars and the thin crescent Moon form an attractive triangle. On June 23 Venus and Mars are at their closest. By June 30 Venus is four handspans above the north-eastern horizon, an hour before sunrise. It is also three fingerwidths below Mars.
Earth is at winter solstice, when the night is longest, on June 21st.
Mars is becoming more prominent in the morning sky. On the morning of June 1 the distinctive red Mars is four handspans above the eastern horizon an hour before Sunrise and a handspan below Venus. On the 15th, Mars is over four handspans above the north-eastern horizon an hour before Sunrise. On the morning of the 21 and 22nd, Mars, Venus and the thin crescent moon form an atractive triangle. On June 23 Mars and Venus are at their closest. On the 30th Mars is just under 4 handspans from the north-eastern horizon, an hour before sunrise, and a 3 fingerwitdths above Venus.
Jupiter is prominent in the morning sky this month, and is well suited for telescopic observations by early bird observers. Jupiter can also be seen just above the north-eastern horizon before midnight. On June 1 Jupiter is eleven handspans above the northern horizon an hour and a half before Sunrise, almost due north. It is the brightest object in the sky aside from Venus. On the evening of the 13th (and the morning of the 14th), Jupiter and the waning Moon are a handspan apart. On June 15 Jupiter is a little over ten handspans above the northern horizon an hour and a half before Sunrise. On the morning of the 31st, Jupiter is nine handspans above the north-western horizon, an hour and a half before Sunrise. There are several notable satellite events, June 21 has a nice transit and shadow transit with the great Red Spot in attendance.
This table was created using The Planets 2.02 a free program available from http://www.cpac.org.uk Times are AEST, subtract 30 minutes for ACST and 2 hours for AWST. Add 1 hour for Daylight saving time. GRS = Great Red Spot. S = Shadow Transit, T = Transit Mon 1 Jun 1:19 Io : Transit Ends Mon 1 Jun 4:02 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 1 Jun 23:54 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 3 Jun 5:25 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Wed 3 Jun 5:41 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 4 Jun 1:32 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 4 Jun 2:01 Cal: Transit Ends Thu 4 Jun 23:36 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Fri 5 Jun 5:08 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Fri 5 Jun 7:19 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 6 Jun 2:38 Gan: Disappears into Eclipse Sat 6 Jun 3:10 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 6 Jun 5:06 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Sat 6 Jun 6:17 Gan: Reappears from Eclipse S Sat 6 Jun 6:24 Io : Transit Begins ST Sat 6 Jun 7:25 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Sat 6 Jun 23:02 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 7 Jun 0:09 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 7 Jun 2:27 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Sun 7 Jun 6:01 Io : Reappears from Occultation Sun 7 Jun 23:35 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 8 Jun 0:52 Io : Transit Begins ST Mon 8 Jun 1:53 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Mon 8 Jun 3:10 Io : Transit Ends Mon 8 Jun 4:49 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 9 Jun 0:29 Io : Reappears from Occultation Tue 9 Jun 0:40 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Wed 10 Jun 1:23 Gan: Transit Ends Wed 10 Jun 6:27 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 11 Jun 2:18 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 11 Jun 23:52 Cal: Reappears from Eclipse Fri 12 Jun 2:12 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Fri 12 Jun 6:46 Cal: Disappears into Occultation Fri 12 Jun 7:38 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Sat 13 Jun 3:56 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 13 Jun 6:38 Gan: Disappears into Eclipse Sat 13 Jun 7:00 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Sat 13 Jun 23:44 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sat 13 Jun 23:47 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 14 Jun 0:10 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sun 14 Jun 2:36 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 14 Jun 4:21 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Mon 15 Jun 1:29 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 15 Jun 2:42 Io : Transit Begins ST Mon 15 Jun 3:47 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Mon 15 Jun 5:00 Io : Transit Ends Mon 15 Jun 5:34 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 15 Jun 22:49 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 16 Jun 1:26 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 16 Jun 2:19 Io : Reappears from Occultation Tue 16 Jun 22:16 Io : Shadow Transit Ends ST Tue 16 Jun 23:28 Io : Transit Ends S Wed 17 Jun 0:16 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends Wed 17 Jun 1:28 Gan: Transit Begins T Wed 17 Jun 5:07 Gan: Transit Ends Wed 17 Jun 7:12 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 18 Jun 3:04 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 18 Jun 22:55 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 19 Jun 4:48 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Sat 20 Jun 2:50 Cal: Shadow Transit Begins S Sat 20 Jun 4:42 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 20 Jun 23:52 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Sun 21 Jun 0:33 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 21 Jun 2:09 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sun 21 Jun 2:44 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sun 21 Jun 5:01 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 21 Jun 6:14 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Mon 22 Jun 3:23 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 22 Jun 4:31 Io : Transit Begins ST Mon 22 Jun 5:41 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Mon 22 Jun 6:20 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 22 Jun 6:50 Io : Transit Ends Mon 22 Jun 23:18 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Tue 23 Jun 0:43 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 23 Jun 2:11 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 23 Jun 4:07 Io : Reappears from Occultation Tue 23 Jun 21:51 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Tue 23 Jun 22:02 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 23 Jun 22:59 Io : Transit Begins ST Wed 24 Jun 0:10 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Wed 24 Jun 0:36 Gan: Shadow Transit Begins ST Wed 24 Jun 1:17 Io : Transit Ends S Wed 24 Jun 4:16 Gan: Shadow Transit Ends Wed 24 Jun 5:07 Gan: Transit Begins T Wed 24 Jun 22:34 Io : Reappears from Occultation Thu 25 Jun 3:49 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Thu 25 Jun 23:40 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Fri 26 Jun 7:25 Eur: Disappears into Eclipse Sat 27 Jun 5:27 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sat 27 Jun 22:30 Gan: Reappears from Occultation Sun 28 Jun 1:19 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Sun 28 Jun 2:27 Eur: Shadow Transit Begins S Sun 28 Jun 4:32 Eur: Transit Begins ST Sun 28 Jun 5:19 Eur: Shadow Transit Ends T Sun 28 Jun 7:24 Eur: Transit Ends Sun 28 Jun 23:00 Cal: Disappears into Occultation Mon 29 Jun 3:37 Cal: Reappears from Occultation Mon 29 Jun 5:17 Io : Shadow Transit Begins S Mon 29 Jun 6:20 Io : Transit Begins ST Mon 29 Jun 7:05 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Mon 29 Jun 7:35 Io : Shadow Transit Ends T Tue 30 Jun 1:42 Eur: Reappears from Occultation Tue 30 Jun 2:36 Io : Disappears into Eclipse Tue 30 Jun 2:57 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 30 Jun 5:55 Io : Reappears from Occultation Tue 30 Jun 22:48 GRS: Crosses Central Meridian Tue 30 Jun 23:45 Io : Shadow Transit Begins SSaturn is well past opposition, and it is becoming harder to observe this ringed world in a telescope. Saturn is four handspans abover the north-western horizon at 10 pm local time, nearly one quarter of the way between the bright stars Regulus and Spica. Saturn's distinct yellowish colour will make it easy to spot near the modest star sigma Leonis. On June 15 Saturn is three handspans above the north-western horizon at 10 pm local time. On June 28 the waxing Moon will be just over a handspan abobve Saturn. On June 30, Saturn is a handspan above the north-western horizon at 10 pm. Saturns rings will be nearly edge on when seen through a telescope, and this will be a very good time to view them. If you don't have a telescope, see if you can go to your local astronomy clubs open day, or the local planetarium to see it.
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Starshine 3
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Iridium Flares, the International Space Station and other satellitesSee this amazing site for images of the space station taken through a telescope.
Iridium flares add a bit of spectacle to the night sky. The Iridium satellite network was set up to give global phone coverage, so an Iridium satellite is almost always over head. Occasionally, one of the antenna of the satellites is aligned so that it reflects the sun towards an observer, giving a brilliant flare, often out-shining Venus. However, the visibility of Iridium flares is VERY dependent on observer position, so you need a prediction for your spot within about 30 km. Hence I'm referring you to a web site for predictions rather than doing it myself.
- Heavens above, an excellent site. You need to choose your location or manually enter a longitude and latitude (once done the site remembers this). Predicts Iridium Flare occurrence, and gives the visibility the space shuttle, the International space station and heaps of other satellites. I find this the most useful site.
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Or type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg Darwin is -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Another site, JPASS, doesn't do Iridium flares, but is very cool and does the International Space Station, and many other satellites. However, although the output is flashy, it's harder to use than heavens above.
- The JPASS site from NASA.
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Meteor showers:
10/06/2009 Ophiuchids 5 0.95 20/06/2009 Ophiuchids 5 0.11The figure ZHR is zenithal hourly rate. This is the number of meteors that a single observer would see per hour if the shower's "point of origin", or radiant, were at the zenith and the sky were dark enough for 6.5-magnitude stars to be visible to the naked eye. Illumination gives an idea of how dark the sky is, the lower the figure, the darker the sky.
The Ophiuchids are a weak meteor shower that are best seen between midnight to dawn. At midnight the radiant is four handspans to the right of bright red Antares in Scorpio.
Outside of the showers, you can still see sporadic meteors. Rates seen from the Southern Hemisphere are around 8 random meteors being seen per hour during the late morning hours and 3 per hour during the evening. The evening rates will be reduced during the times around the full Moon due to interference by the Moons light.
A good page describing meteor watching is at the Sky Publications site.
The Meteor Section of the Astronomical Society of Victoria has some good information on meteor watching too.
Learn how to take a meteor shower photograph.
A Cool Fact about meteor speeds
A good page on detecting meteors using home made radiotelescopes is here.
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Comets:
There are currently no comets observable with the unaided eye. A list of current comet ephemerides is at the MPC.
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Occultations:No interesting naked-eye occultations this month.
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Eclipse:Find local sunset and twilight times for your city or location (courtesy of Heavens Above).
Use either the drop down box for the listed cities, or type in your latitude, longitude and city in the boxes below.
Type in Your Latitude and Longitude in decimal format eg -12.461 130.840 , to find your Lat Long go to this site.
Variable Stars:While most stars seem to shine with a constant brightness, there are some that undergo regular, dramatic change in brightness. The classic variables Mira and Algol are currently unobservable.
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Stars:
The southern evening sky at 10:00 pm AEST in Melbourne on June 1 (similar views will be seen from other cities at the equivalent local time eg 10:00 pm ACST Adelaide).
All descriptions here are based on the view from Melbourne at 10.00 pm AEST (Australian Eastern Standard Time) on 1 June and assumes a fairly level horizon. Starset occurs progressively earlier each day, so these descriptions are valid for 9.00 pm on the 15th and 8.00pm on the 30th. Readers fom other time zones should see roughly the same views at 10.00 pm local time. Corrections for cities other than Melbourne are given below.
How do I find east, west, north and south?
- Readers in Adelaide and Auckland should see roughly the same views at the local equivalent of 10.00 pm AEST.
- Readers in Hobart and Christchurch must decrease descriptions to the North by about five finger widths and increase those to the south by the same amount.
- Readers in Sydney, Fremantle, Perth, Santiago and Capetown should add 3 finger widths to the northern descriptions, and subtract 3 finger widths to the south.
- Readers in Brisbane, Alice Springs Rio deJanerio and Johannesburg must adjust North/South descriptions by two hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
- Readers in Darwin, Cairns, Brazilia, La Paz, Lusaka and Lima must adjust North/South descriptions by about 4-5 hand spans (and adjust for daylight saving).
During June, the Milky Way is still a spectacular sight as it arches across the sky, but it will progressively leave the zenith.
Scorpio is now sufficiently high in the sky (about ten handspans) to be properly appreciated. It is a very distinctive constellation looking somewhat like the hook shown in the "use no hooks" cartoons on boxes. Facing due East, going up about six handspans you will see six bright stars forming a T, with the tail of the "T" nearly parallel to the horizon and a curved "tail" of stars. The bright red giant star Antares (Alpha Scorpius, the middle star in the three stars forming the tail of the T) is quite prominent. The area around Scorpio is quite rewarding in binoculars, and there is a small but pretty globular cluster about one fingerwidth above and to the north of Antares (between Antares and the leading star of the tail of the T). It can be hard to see in city conditions. A high definition map of Scorpio is here.
Just below Scorpio and to the right is the distinctive "teapot" shape of Sagitarius, the archer. This constellation is particularly good for binocular viewing, with numerous globular clusters, open clusters and bright nebula. M24, an open cluster about two fingerwidths from the "lid" of the teapot should be visible to the naked eye, and M22, a globular cluster close to the lid, should be visible as a dim, fury star. The center of our galaxy lies in Sagitarius, and on a dark night, the traceries of the Milky Way and its dust clouds are particularly beautiful. To the right of the teapot by about a handspan, is the a delicate arc of stars, Corona Australis, the Southern Crown.
To the left of the "T" of Scorpio by one handspan and slightly higher is a broad triangle of stars that marks Libra, the balance. To the left of Libra by around three handspans is bright white Spica, the brightest start in the contstellation of Virgo. Spica marks the top righthand corner of a rectangular group of stars that marks out the body of Virgo, the virgin.
Looking now to the right of Scorpio, about a handspan away from the curved tail is a small squarish constellation Ara, another handspan again brings you to the edge of the large, but dim, constellation of Pavo. Delta Pavonis, about another handspan away, is one of the handful of sunlike stars within 20 lightyears of Earth that might have terrestrial planets in its habitable zone.
Directly above Virgo by four handspans is end of the long rambling constellation Hydra which starts near the horizon. Three handspans to the left is crater the cup with its distinct, but upside down, cup shape. Three handspans above and three to the left of Spica is the kite shape of Corvus the crow. Hydra has a nice open cluster, M48, near its head (a distinctive box shaped group of stars about 10 handspans to the right and about 6 below Spica) that is quite attractive in binoculars, four handspans above Spica is a nice globular cluster, just visible to the naked eye, but best in binoculars. About four handspans above Spica and a little to the right is M83, a galaxy which can easily be seen in small binoculars on a dark night.
Five handspans to left of and four down from Virgo, is Leo, with the sickle of Leo, an upside down question mark with bright Regulus (alpha Leonis) at the end of the "handle", being quite clear.
Just above the south western horizon by two handspans is a battered rectangle of stars that forms Puppis, the poop deck of the former constellation Argo Navis. In the mid sky (about 7 handspans up) is Vela, the sail of that same ship. When, Argo Navis was broken up into Puppis, Vela and Carina (the keel) in 1750, they forgot to assign alpha and beta stars to Vela, and it's brightest star is at magnitude 1.5 is Gamma Velorum. Gama Velorum is a double star which may be resolved in good binoculars. The milky way passes through Vela, and there are many open clusters which can be seen with binoculars or the naked eye. One of the best of these is NGC2547, a little below gamma Velorum. Vela is also home to the spectacular Gum nebula (which can only be seen in telescopic photographs), and the second pulsar to be observed optically. Kappa and delta velorum, with iota and epsilon Carina, make the "false cross". A high definition map of Vela is here.
To the left of Vela, is Carina (the keel). A high definition map of this region is here. Looking almost anywhere in the area stretching between Canis major and the Southern Cross will reveal an interesting cluster or star formation. However, the area two handspans to the right of the Southern Cross, between it and the false cross, is particularly rich. Here you will find the "Southern Peliades" surrounding the tail star (Theta Carina) of a prominent kite shaped group of stars in Carina. Smaller and less spectacular than their northern counterparts, they still look very nice in binoculars. Four fingerwidths to the left of the Southern Peliades are two rich open clusters, and the barely visible star Eta Carina. Eta Carina's spectacular nebula is only dimly seen in binoculars. Five hand spans to the right of and three handspans below the Southern Cross is the False Cross, just below the False Cross is a good open cluster, just visible to the naked eye, and very nice in binoculars. One handspan to the left of the False Cross is another rich open cluster, again, very nice in binoculars. Canopus (alpha Carina) is a bright yellowish star three handspans from the south-westen horizon .
Facing due South, eleven handspans up are Alpha and beta Centauri the so called "pointers", with Alpha being the yellow star which is closest to the horizon, and Beta the blue white star a little above and to the right. Alpha centauri is the closest star to our sun at around 4 light years. However, recent measurements with the Hippacaros satellite put the system 300 million kilometers further away than previously thought. Alpha centauri is actually a triple star, conssiting of two sunlike stars and a red dwarf, Proxima centauri, which is the closest of the triple stars to earth. Slightly to the right again, and following a line through the "pointers" brings you to the Southern Cross, 12 handspans above the horizon at about the 1 o'clock position on a clock. A high definition map of Centaurus and Crux is here.
Just below the Southern Cross is the coal sack. This dark area against the glow of the milky way represents a large dust cloud and is clearly visible in dark skies. The Jewel box in the Cross is a small open cluster just below Beta Crucis, the second brightest star in the Cross and the one closest to the pointers. It is quite beautiful, but requires strong binoculars or a small telescope to see properly.
Returning to Alpha Centauri, a handspan from this star to the right and a handspan up is a small star, a hand span up (and about a handspan to the right) is a fuzzy star, this is omega Centauri (5139 on the map), a globular cluster of stars which is quite spectacular in good binoculars, and more spectacular than 47 Tucana (see below). Another handspan directly up is Centaurus A, a very radio bright galaxy (5128 on the map). You need a dark night and binoculars (at least 10 x 30) to see it, but it is one of the few galaxies you can see in the southern hemisphere (outside of the small and large Mangellanic clouds) without a telescope.
Three handspans straight up and slightly to the left of south, is the extended nebulosity of the Small Magellanic cloud, one of the dwarf satellite galaxies to the Milky Way. This feature is best viewed on a dark night, away from the city. In this nebulosity is what looks to be a fuzzy star, this is 47 Tucana, a spectacular globular cluster that is very nice through binoculars.
Up four hand spans from due south and three handspans to the right is the Large Magellanic cloud, the largest of the dwarf satellite galaxies. Binoculars will reveal a rather attractive nebula near it, the Tarantula nebula.
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Sky Maps
How to use the maps
Comparison of a section of a skymap showing the Southern Cross (Crux) and pointers, with the appearance of the night sky. The map and sky are for August 1 at 10.00 pm, facing south. Both show approximately 30 degrees (5 handspans) of sky just above the horizonThe maps look a little busy, as they cover all sky from horizon to zenith. The grid lines are navigational helpers; each horizontal or vertical line covers 30 degrees of arc (the gridlines in the illustration show 15 degrees of arc), which is roughly five handspans (where a handspan is the width of your hand, held flat light a "stop" sign at arms length). As you can see from the way the lines bunch up. The map is a little distorted, due to trying to project a spherical surface on a flat surface. The horizon is the lowest curved line on the map (for technical software reasons I can't block things out below the Horizon). Constellations are linked by lines and their names are in italics. Stars are shown as circles of varying size, the bigger the circle the brighter the star. The stars are named with their Bayer letter (eg a - alpha, the brightest star in a constellation, a Crucis is the brightest star in Crux). Variable stars are shown as hollow circles, double stars are marked with a line (eg a, b and g Crucis are all double stars, that look quite beautiful in a small telescope). Clusters and Nebula brighter than magnitude 6.0 are marked as broken circles (eg the Jewel box cluster next to b Crucis above which is best viewed in binoculars or a telescope) and squares respectively. To find Crux for example, locate Crux on the appropriate map (eg see the illustration above). Holding the Map, face either east or west (depending on the map), then use the grid lines to determine how far over and up you should look, then look for the Crux pattern in that part of the Sky.
GIF Maps
A view of the Eastern June sky at 10.00pm AEST on 1 June can be downloaded here (junsky_e.gif 30 Kb) and a view of the western June sky can be downloaded here (junsky_w.gif 30 Kb). These are more compact files but don't have a lot of resolution.If you wish to print the GIF maps directly from Netscape you must set the printer in landscape mode and you must set the margins to 0 cm (yes, that's right, 0 cm) or the maps will not print correctly.
PDF Maps
High Resolution PDF files can be obtained for the eastern (110 Kb) and the western (110 Kb) horizon maps.The Zenith Map (110 Kb) shows you the whole sky. You will need to face the one of the compass points, then hold the map with the appropriate compass point on the map at the bottom of the page.
You will need a PDF viewer such as Adobe Acrobat or GhostView to view and print them. They look slightly worse on-screen than the GIF files, especially as Acrobat 3.0-4.0 can only display them side on, but print much better and come with legends. However, Acrobat 4.05 and higher can display them in the proper orientation.
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[December Skies][January Skies] [February Skies] [March Skies] [April Skies][May Skies]
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Cheers! And good star gazing!
Ian's Astrophotography Gallery
Some of the photographs/images I have taken in recent years of astronomical phenomena that may be of interest.
- Partial Lunar eclipse. Partial Lunar eclipse, July 5, 2001
- My Solar eclipse report. Pictures from the Dec 4, 2002 solar eclipse in South Australia
- Transit of Mercury pictures! 7 May 2003
- Images of the partial solar eclipse 24 Nov 2003
- Transit of Venus June 8 2004 report
- Images of Jupiter, taken, after an enormous struggle, with my webcam, April 2005
- Mosaics of the Moon, more fun with my webcam, April-May 2005
- Animation of Sunrise on the Moon November 2006
- Animation of A shadow Transit on Jupiter May 2007
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Links
Societies:Australian Resources:
- OnLine Astronomical Societies in Australia, from the Astronomical Society of New South Wales Inc.
- Astronomical Society of Australia
Australian Planetariums:
- A clickable star map for Victoria
- Monthly free Star maps. High quality, monthly maps for Southern and Northern Skies, has lists of interesting objects. Requires Adobe Acrobat to print.
- ASNSW Astro Almanac page for 2004
- ACT skywatch This site focuses on the ACT.
- Australiasky has moved, this nice site covers all of Australia, and has some nice features.
- Gordon Garradd's Astronomy Page
- Excellent Magellanic Cloud page with heaps of maps and info.
- Peter Enzerinks Astronomy page - Web based telescope/eyepiece calculator and other southern sky tidbits.
- Southern star gazer A bit heavy on graphics but pretty good.
- Buying a telescope in Australia, lots of helpful hints.
- Anglo-Australian Observatory
- MSSSO - Mt Stromlo and Siding Springs Observatory
- ATNF - Australian Telescope National Facility
- Parks Radio telescope facility
- RP - CSIRO Radio Physics (part of TIP Division)
- Spaceguard Australia the proposed search for Near Earth Objects including meteroids.
- Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
- Melbourne's Astronomy Central
- Star Class, Astronomy Education
- Information about Aboriginal astronomy.
- Australian weather forecasts
- Sky and Space, Australia's Astronomy magazine.
- Planetary Society, Australian Volunteers events diary.
- Canberra Planetarium and Observatory
- Launceston Planetarium
- Science Centre and Planetarium (Wollongong)
- Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium
- Perth Observatory and Planetarium
- Museum of Victoria Planetarium, Skynotes Index
- The Cosmos Centre in Charleville
International Resources:
- ABC Space for Kids, Games, information and more.
- Star Child NASA space information for kis 5-13.
- Interactive site on the Sun, good kids resources
- ABC Space for Kids, Games, information and more.
- Astronomy for Kids
- Astronomy for Kids (different site to the one above, and a bit simple, but lots of good images).
- Kids astronomy information from Astronomy Magazine
Stunning sites:
- SEDS, home of the Nine Planets Tour, and much much more
- The Planetary Society
- Center for Backyard Astrophysics
- Amateur Radio Telescopes
- International Occulation Timing Society
- Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy pages (very educational)
- SKY Online - Your Astronomy Source on the World Wide Web
- Astronomy Magazine
- Stellar distances
- Space Weather site (with Meteor counts)
- Near Earth Object home page (also follows comets, including LINEAR S4 and meteor showers)
Useful programs:
- A 3D map of satellites orbiting the Earth in real time! Simply amazing!
- The Anglo Australian Observatories 3D virtual tour through a 3D map of the Cosmos. Mind Blowing!
- Views of extrasolar planets seen from the Southern sky, stunning Java-driven map with heaps of (complex) info.
- Stellarium, free (but large) photorealistic sky charting software. What I use for the horizon views.
- Celestia, free 3D space travel software, see the Earth from Mars, see the Moon of EL62, see Saturn rise on Titan.
- Ian's Celestia resources. Save these files into the "Extras" directory
- Script to show Conjunctions of Earth from Mars.
- Definition File for asteroid 87 Sylvia and her two moons (see story here).
- Definition File for Pluto's two new Moons P1 and P2.
- Definition file for three Neptunian extrasolar planets of HD 69830.
- Asteroid 2004 VD17, which will not hit the Earth.
- Definition file for Comet 2006/P1 McNaught
- Definition file for for the Gliese 581 system that contains the most Earth-like world yet.
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Charts, Books and Software for Astronomy
If you would like to have charts available all the time, rather than relying on mine, for between $2-$10 you can pick up a planisphere from a newsagent or bookshop (or for a bit more you can get fancy ones from Australian Geographic, the ABC shop or the other Australian Geographic look alike shop, or the Wilderness Society, or even a binocular/ optical store). The planisphere won't give you position of the planets, so you will need to get the planet rise/set times. These can be found in most serious newspapers (the Age, the Australian, SMH etc. The Australian is probably the best bet for budding amateurs). The combination of planisphere and rise/set times is the best value for beginners though, if you are not too worried about identifying star clusters in your binoculars.Or, for $19.95 US, you can have the Touring the Universe through Binoculars Atlas http://www.philharrington.net/tuba.htm which can print observing charts, but has a few annoying quirks. These include having no horizon line, and the planets are shown in the wrong places.
I use a combination of a 1962 star chart, the Australian Astronomy 2007 almanac and SkyMap Pro 11.0 . I highly recommend the Australian Astronomy 2007 almanac. It is more helpful for planetary/comet/asteroidal observations and eclipses than for double stars, clusters galaxies etc, but is an excellent resource for Australian observers and anyone who would like to seriously follow the planets in Australia should have this almanac. It has easy to follow month-by-month summary information, as well as detailed charts, tables and whole sky maps. It is easily navigated. The Almanac is often in big bookstores or optical shops, or email info@quasarastronomy.com.au to purchase a copy directly for those outside major population centres. The Australian Astronomy almanac comes out in around November for the following year, and is now approx $24.
Sky and Space, the Australian equivalent of Sky and Telescope, is also very good, especially for breaking news. It is found in most big newsagents at $7.40 an issue. Disclaimer! I am now a contributing editor and write the planetary observation section for Sky and Space.
Sky and Telescope now also do an Australian version of their magazine.
For detailed chart drawing and timing of events, as well as satellite track predictions I feed the information from the almanac into the $150 AUD SkyMap Pro 11.0 , planetarium program. This is a very handy program which prints maps of every possible orientation and scale. The maps on this page are produced by SkyMap.
A shareware version of SkyMap that runs on windows 3.x, and win95 can be found here http://www.winsite.com/info/pc/win3/desktop/skymp21a.zip this is approximately 640 Kb zipped.
A shareware version of the win95 only version 5.0 is here http://www.download.net.au/cgi-bin/dl?13607
Other highly recommended Sky charting packages (win95/98/2000/XP sorry) are:
Cartes du Ciel at http://www.stargazing.net/astropc/ (FREE) a bit messy to install but very good.
Stellarium at http://stellarium.sourceforge.net/ (FREE) stunning photorealistic program, but requires grunty PC and OpenGL.
TheSkyVarious packages from $49 US to $249 US
Stary Night various versions from $49 us for the basic pack (10 day trial of the basic pack at http://www.siennasoft.com/english/downloads.shtml) up.
Earth Centered Universe $88 AUD (shareware version at http://www.nova-astro.com/)
On the other hand a standard Sky Atlas for serious observing (much handier than carting a computer with you) such as Norton's Star Atlas can range from $35 to $90.This is not meant to be a product endorsement of any kind (outside of the Australian Astronomy 2007 almanac. For any budding astronomers out there, it is fantastic value and no, I don't have any commercial interest in it, but I did win bronze in their website Olympics). I am now also a contributing editor for Sky and Space so naturally take my enthusiasm with the appropriate grains of salt (although I was enthusiastic before I was approached to write for it).
This page can be used freely for any non-commercial purpose but please attribute it correctly. However, see the disclaimer.
Email: reynella@mira.net
e-mail
Ian with any suggestions
Created: Wednesday, 1 April 1998, 11:22:13 PM
Last Updated: Monday, 2 June 2009, 11:30:13 PM
